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達契亞

西元前82年時的達契亞行省

達契亞羅馬尼亞語Dacia),也译作達基亞達西亞,为喀尔巴阡山多瑙河之间的古代王国,后在105年—271年成为古罗马帝国行省。其中部和西部地区为今罗马尼亚

達契亞人是色雷斯人的一支,与当代的罗马尼亚人和摩爾多瓦人有一点渊源。达契亚人最早于公元前4世纪出现在雅典的奴隶市场,后与希腊人通商,使用希腊货币,操色雷斯方言。文字受相邻的西徐亚人和前4世纪入侵的凯尔特人的影响。前112年、前109年及前75年分别加入罗马军队。前60~前50年统一,后又分裂。

在西元前82年至106年期間,曾存在一個達契亞王國。其疆域並不穩定。在85年至89年,達契亞兩度和羅馬帝國交戰。

罗马皇帝图拉真于106年征服达契亚,此後該地成為羅馬帝國的行省。328年,君士坦丁大帝在多瑙河架橋,試圖重新征服達契亞。此後至查士丁尼時期,羅馬帝國都部分控制多瑙河北岸地區。

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達契亞
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