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造山帶.
造山帶(英語:Orogenic belt)是受造山運動影響的地殼帶[1]。 當大陸板塊擠壓並抬升形成一個或多個山脈時,就會形成造山帶。 這種地質過程涉稱為造山作用[2] [3].
造山運動通常會產生造山帶,形成在大陸克拉通邊緣的長條變形區域。 年輕造山帶通常在活動的俯衝帶具有頻繁的火山活動和地震。 較老的造山帶通常被深度侵蝕並暴露出被位移和變形的地層。 這些地層通常是高度變質的,也包括大量的侵入火成岩岩磐[4]。
由俯衝帶形成的造山帶,會產生地震和火山,並經常形成島弧。這些島弧可能在增生造山運動期間被推到大陸邊緣。在俯衝帶地殼被融化,加厚岩石圈。當海洋板塊其上的大陸地殼和另一側的大陸地殼碰撞時,俯衝活動就結束,並將增生造山運動轉變為碰撞造山運動。 碰撞造山運動會產生極高的山脈,就像喜馬拉雅山在6500 萬年前就開始它的造山運動[4]。
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環太平洋造山帶(太平洋火環)
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阿爾卑斯山-喜馬拉雅造山帶
地球上主要的造山帶是環太平洋造山帶(Pacific Ring of Fire)和阿爾卑斯山-喜馬拉雅造山帶[4]。由於這些造山帶是年輕的造山帶,它們形成了大山脈,地殼活動活躍,並伴有火山帶和地震帶[5]。
- ^
Orogenic belt | geology". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
- ^ Tony Waltham (2009). Foundations of Engineering Geology (3rd ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-415-46959-3.
- ^ Philip Kearey; Keith A. Klepeis; Frederick J. Vine (2009). "Chapter 10: Orogenic belts". Global Tectonics (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 287. ISBN 978-1-4051-0777-8.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2
Orogenic Belt - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
- ^
Ring of Fire | Definition, Map, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
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