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農文雲

農文雲越南语Nông Văn Vân 又名 Nùng Văn Vân農文雲;?—1835年)是越南阮朝初期一位岱依族起義軍首領。

農文雲是宣光保樂(今高平省保樂縣)人,其祖先世代為當地豪族。18世紀期間,農氏接受黎中興朝朝廷的任命,成為世襲土官。在西山朝時期,農氏響應西山軍。阮朝建立之後,農文雲的父親被嘉隆帝任命為世襲的保樂州知州。後來,農文雲繼承父親的知州之職。

明命年間,明命帝派遣流官來到北城,逐漸接管宣光太原諒山高平等地世襲土官的權力。朝廷與當地少數民族的矛盾越來越尖銳。

明命十四年(1833年),黎文𠐤南圻舉兵反抗朝廷,明命帝派人前往高平搜捕黎文𠐤的兄弟。農文雲的妹妹是黎文𠐤的妻子,因而也受到牽連。農文雲遂舉兵起義,自稱節制上將軍,鑄元隆通寶。又逮捕了朝廷派來的流官,在其額頭上刺上「省官常吃民錢」的字樣並放回,以示羞辱。七泉州的土官知州阮克和也舉兵響應。農文雲發兵攻打各省,各省官員皆不能敵,向朝廷求救。明命帝派遣山興宣總督黎文德為三宣總督軍務,以海安署理總督阮公著為參贊,與寧太總督阮廷普合兵攻打農文雲。

農文雲圍攻高平、諒山省城甚急,明命帝又派安靜總督謝光巨為總統大臣,前往高平、諒山救援。農文雲得到芒人、僈人的支持,攻破高平省城,又以崇山峻嶺為根據地進行遊擊戰,殺死眾多官軍。1833年臘月,謝光巨解除諒山省城的包圍,又收復了高平省城,與黎文德、阮公著合兵攻打保樂州。農文雲戰敗,剃髮易服逃往清朝境內。女婿雲光總和堂弟農文仕、農文碩,則據守山林繼續抵抗官軍。官軍隨即班師回朝。

官軍回朝之後,農文雲再次回到保樂州,反抗朝廷。明命十五年(1834年),黎文德、范文典山西進兵宣光,謝光巨、阮進林、胡佑自高平出發,阮廷普、阮公著自太原出發,三路大軍在雲中會合,並照會清朝方面,要求防備邊境,遣返農文雲的黨羽。隨後官軍圍攻保樂州。農文仕、農文碩等五人逃往貴州境內,被清朝方面遣送回國。農文雲出奔宣光,匿於叢林之中。范文典率軍四面包圍,放火燒山,將農文雲燒死在叢林裡。隨後官軍將其斬首,送往順化告捷。

參考資料

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農文雲
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