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辛公平上仙

辛公平上仙》或《辛公平上仙記》、《辛公平入都》,簡稱《辛公平》,是一篇唐傳奇,收錄於李復言所作的《續玄怪錄》(《續幽怪錄》)。敘述縣尉辛公平遇見死神,並見証死神與五百鬼兵誘開皇宮守護神並成功接引皇帝「上仙」(登仙),是一篇知名的志怪小說。《太平廣記》廣收唐朝傳奇,不願收入此篇,因這篇傳奇小說,很可能是影射皇帝遇刺,容易聯想到宋代野史燭影斧聲》。

寓意

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這篇傳奇中的皇帝為何人,引發爭議,「唐順宗」、「唐憲宗」之說皆有。但這篇故事很有可能是藉由靈異的故事,影射皇帝遭兵變謀殺,由於中國民間信仰中,鬼神不需要住旅館,就算接引死者靈魂進入幽冥,也不需要勞師動眾,舞刀弄槍,更沒甚麼好等待死者洗澡的。鬼兵可能是指兵變團隊,護衛的眾神就是宮禁的禁衛軍,洗澡即是清洗遺體。由於順宗或憲宗的死亡詳情,史書俱不錄,所以本篇傳奇可作為參考用的史料。

作者宣稱寫作此文目的在於警告傲慢的旅行者,但明顯是個託辭。陳寅恪認為是假託道教兵解之詞,以紀錄憲宗被弒殺的事實,理由是篇首有「元和末」三字[1]

「更數月,方有攀髯之泣」(攀髯,指皇帝駕崩),是說「死後秘不發喪」,幾個月後才發喪。[2]黃永年則表示,唐憲宗死前幾日,還召見了義成軍節度使劉悟。所以這篇傳奇中的皇帝,應該是唐順宗才對。黃永年認為陳寅恪似乎誤會了,因為《續玄怪錄》一書內文在宋代抄錄時,屢屢避諱,「貞元」之「貞」乃宋仁宗趙「禎」同音,當時民眾畏懼冒犯皇室,慣例通常是改為「正元」,但是編者為了怕麻煩,往往直接改成「元和」,在《續玄怪錄》書中非常常見[3]

參見

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 陳寅恪. 《金明館叢稿二編》. 上海: 上海古籍出版社. 1980: 74–81. ISBN 9787108009401
  2. ^ 王志浩.《中晚唐傳奇集所見政治危機與秩序重構》,臺大中文學報第66期,2019年9月
  3. ^ 黄永年.《唐史十二讲》,2007年
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辛公平上仙
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