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运动辅助区

运动辅助区(英文:Supplementary Motor Area, SMA 或 Supplementary motor cortex, SMC)是大脑皮质的一个主要与运动功能相关的区域。在解剖位置上来说,SMA位于大脑半球的内侧面,和初级运动皮层的前方。从细胞结构分区上来说,SMA位于Brodmann 6区。但是Brodmann 6区除了包含SMA,还包含位于脑半球外侧面的前运动区。在进化历史上,该区域出现较晚。

结构

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研究表明辅助运动区(SMA)可分为结构和功能上都有差异的两个区域,包括运动辅助区本部(SMA Proper,或称后运动辅助区,Caudal SMA)和前运动辅助区(或称前SMA,Pre-SMA)。[1]在非人类灵长类,SMA本部大约对应于F3区,而前SMA对应于F6区。[2]

功能

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运动辅助区(SMA)的功能与运动的计划有关。与前运动皮层不同,SMA主要参与动物体自身产生和控制的运动,而不是在外界刺激下所产生的运动。例如SMA参与从记忆中产生的序列运动。[3]

前运动辅助区(Pre-SMA)的功能与学习新运动序列有关。該区域中的神经活动在动物执行较新的运动序列时较高,而在该运动序列被学习完后,前运动辅助区中的神经活动降低。运动辅助区本部(SMA Proper)与前运动辅助区不同,它在执行学习好的运动序列时激活。有些SMA本部中的神经元在执行特定的动作序列时发放冲动,其他一些SMA本部中的神经元在准备特定位次的动作时发放冲动。比如,有些神经元在动物准备执行某个序列的第三个动作时激活,而与这个动作具体为何无关。

参考文献

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  1. ^ Y. Matsuzaka; H. Aizawa; J. Tanji. A motor area rostral to the supplementary motor area (presupplementary motor area) in the monkey: neuronal activity during a learned motor task. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1992, 68: 653–662 [2009-06-21]. (原始内容存档于2008-10-12). 
  2. ^ Giuseppe Luppino; Massimo Matelli; Rosolino Camarda; Giacomo Rizzolatti. Corticocortical connections of area F3 (SMA-proper) and area F6 (pre-SMA) in the macaque monkey. The Journal of Comparative Neurology. December 1993, 338 (1): 114–140. doi:10.1002/cne.903380109. [永久失效連結]
  3. ^ Shima K.; Tanji J. Both supplementary and presupplementary motor areas are crucial for the temporal organization of multiple movements. Journal of Neurophysiology. 1998, 80: 3247–3260 [2009-06-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-09). 

更多阅读材料

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  • Principles of Neural Science (2000), 4th ed., Kandel et al.
  • Debaere,-F; Wenderoth,-N; Sunaert,-S; Van-Hecke,-P; Swinnen,-S-P(2003). Internal vs external generation of movements: differential neural pathways involved in bimanual coordination performed in the presence or absence of augmented visual feedback. Neuroimage. 2003 Jul; 19(3): 764-76
  • Nachev, P, Kennard, C & Husain M (2008) Functional role of the supplementary and pre-supplemenatary motor areas. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9: 856-869.
  • Vorobiev et al.(1998)Parcellation of human mesial area 6: cytoarchitectonic evidence for three separate areas. Eur J Neurosci. 10(6):2199-203.
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运动辅助区
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