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轴承钢.
轴承钢是用来制造轴承的滚动体、内外套圈等的钢材,要求较高的接触疲劳强度,高的硬度和耐磨性,足够的韧性和淬透性,还要求在大气和润滑介质中有一定的耐蚀能力和良好的尺寸稳定性,属专用结构钢。[1]
从化学成分上看,属于工具钢,其碳质量分数较高(0.95-1.1%)保证了高硬度、高耐磨性和高强度[2],铬质量分数(0.4-1.65%)提高疲劳强度,加入硅锰进一步提高淬透性和强度,便于制造大型轴承,加入钒提高耐磨性并防止过热。轴承钢的纯度要求很高,采用电炉冶炼和真空去气处理,降低非金属夹杂物(氧化物、硫化物和硅酸盐等),并保证碳化物均匀分布。[1]
轴承钢分为高碳铬轴承钢、渗碳轴承钢、高碳铬不锈轴承钢和高温轴承钢四大类。[3]
常用轴承钢的特性及用途[4]
类别 |
牌号 |
EU |
主要特性
|
铬轴承钢 |
GCr6 |
1.3501 |
低铬轴承钢,切削性较好,耐磨性较碳素工具钢高
|
GCr9 |
1.3505 |
耐磨性和淬透性比GCr6高,切削加工性尚好
|
GCr15 |
1.2067 |
最常用的高铬轴承钢,耐磨性优于GCr9,接触疲劳强度高,有良好的尺寸稳定性和抗蚀性
|
GCR15SiMn |
|
耐磨性和淬透性比GCr15更高
|
渗碳轴承钢 |
G20CrMo |
|
淬火后表面硬(≥60HRC)耐磨,心部韧性好,用于制造耐高冲击载荷的轴承零件
|
不锈轴承钢 |
9Cr18 |
|
优良的耐蚀性、耐磨性和高的接触疲劳强度以及良好的低温性能,但磨削性和导热性差
|
高温轴承钢 |
Cr4Mo4V |
|
用于制造工作温度不超过350°C的轴承零件
|
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