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轴承钢

轴承钢是用来制造轴承的滚动体、内外套圈等的钢材,要求较高的接触疲劳强度,高的硬度和耐磨性,足够的韧性和淬透性,还要求在大气和润滑介质中有一定的耐蚀能力和良好的尺寸稳定性,属专用结构钢[1]

从化学成分上看,属于工具钢,其碳质量分数较高(0.95-1.1%)保证了高硬度、高耐磨性和高强度[2],铬质量分数(0.4-1.65%)提高疲劳强度,加入硅锰进一步提高淬透性和强度,便于制造大型轴承,加入钒提高耐磨性并防止过热。轴承钢的纯度要求很高,采用电炉冶炼和真空去气处理,降低非金属夹杂物(氧化物、硫化物和硅酸盐等),并保证碳化物均匀分布。[1]

轴承钢分为高碳铬轴承钢、渗碳轴承钢、高碳铬不锈轴承钢和高温轴承钢四大类。[3]

常用轴承钢的特性及用途[4]
类别 牌号 EU 主要特性
铬轴承钢 GCr6 1.3501 低铬轴承钢,切削性较好,耐磨性较碳素工具钢高
GCr9 1.3505 耐磨性和淬透性比GCr6高,切削加工性尚好
GCr15 1.2067 最常用的高铬轴承钢,耐磨性优于GCr9,接触疲劳强度高,有良好的尺寸稳定性和抗蚀性
GCR15SiMn 耐磨性和淬透性比GCr15更高
渗碳轴承钢 G20CrMo 淬火后表面硬(≥60HRC)耐磨,心部韧性好,用于制造耐高冲击载荷的轴承零件
不锈轴承钢 9Cr18 优良的耐蚀性、耐磨性和高的接触疲劳强度以及良好的低温性能,但磨削性和导热性差
高温轴承钢 Cr4Mo4V 用于制造工作温度不超过350°C的轴承零件

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 朱张校. 工程材料. 清华大学出版社. 2001: 179–180. ISBN 9787302041153. 
  2. ^ 蒲永峰; 梁耀能. 机械工程材料. 清华大学出版社. 2005: 119. ISBN 9787810825788. 
  3. ^ 安继儒. 中外常用金属材料手册. 陕西科学技术出版社. 1998: 56. ISBN 9787536928930. 
  4. ^ 王忠. 机械工程材料. 清华大学出版社. 2005: 162. ISBN 9787302116974. 
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轴承钢
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