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跨度

跨度(Span)也稱為跨距,是結構構件(例如或是橋樑)中兩個相鄰支撐點英语Structural support(例如橋墩)之間的距離。

跨過跨度的結構可以是實心的梁或是繩索。第一項會用在橋樑中,第二項是用在輸電系統、高架的電話線、某些天线或是空中纜車

跨度的量測可以用二個支撐面之間的距離為準(clear span),也可以用二個支撐面英语bearing surface中心之間的距離為準(effective span)[1]

簡支樑(上方)受到均勻分佈負載而彎曲(下方)的側面圖

在確認梁的強度及尺寸時,梁的跨度是很重要的因素,跨度決定了最大彎矩英语bending moment撓度。圖中的梁的最大彎矩及形變量可以用以下方式求得[2]

其中

為單位長度的負載
為二支撐點之間的長度(跨度)
弹性模量
截面二次轴矩

最大彎矩及最大撓度都出現在和二支撐點等距離的中點。若單位長度的負載不變,跨度加倍,最大彎矩(及拉伸應力)會是原來的四倍,撓度會是原來的16倍。

針對長距的繩索跨度(例如天線、電線及空中纜車),請參考跨度列表英语list of spans

參考資料

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  1. ^ Brett 2012,第137頁.
  2. ^ Gere, James M.; Goodno, Barry J. Mechanics of Materials Eighth. 2013: 1086. ISBN 978-1-111-57773-5. 

參考書目

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跨度
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