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跑道視程

在能見度不佳時,於跑道旁用於測量跑道視程的透光儀

跑道視程英文Runway Visual Range縮寫RVR),在航空氣象上所使用,指駕駛飛行器飛行員跑道上,能識別跑道標誌的距離。[1][2]使用英制的跑道視程,單位為百英呎,而使用公制的跑道視程,單位為公尺

在飛行員執行儀器飛行的精密性進場時,跑道視程為飛行員能目視跑道的距離。而在起飛時,跑道視程代表飛行員能看的見跑道的距道。當跑道視程為200米時,飛行員能目視跑道的長度為200公尺。

當能見度不佳時,在飛行時,飛行員會以無線電,收到塔台或是其他航管單位給予跑道視程報告,跑道視程報告值最大為2000 m或6500 ft,大於此值的跑道視程報告,對飛行而言,並沒有什麼意義。航空公司的飛行員,都會有起飛和落地最低天氣限度,這些天氣限度,是RVR值作為限制。

跑道視程通常是使用裝置跑道旁的透光儀(Transmissometer)所測量,由於天氣不佳時,塔台上的氣象人員可能無法看見跑道,因此在塔台上測量的機場盛行能見度(Prevailing Visibility),在飛行操作上並無太大的意義。但在透光儀失效時,塔台人員可至跑道,以目視測量跑道燈光距離的方式,作為透光儀失效的備用措施(跑道燈泡間距為兩百英尺,大約60公尺)。

便於能見度極低的機場運行,在一條跑道上,最多會有三組跑道視程值,分別是:

  • 接地區跑道視程(Touchdown Zone RVR or TDZ RVR)
  • 跑道中部跑道視(Middle RVR or Mid RVR)
  • 跑道末端跑道視程(Rollout RVR)

参考

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跑道視程
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