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超度

超度(或作超渡),也稱超薦薦拔追薦拔度佛教道教華人民間信仰術語,是為亡者祈求冥福的法事。佛教的《阿含經》中有超度一詞,但這是指帮助有情眾生,度脫輪迴苦海。道教的《靈寶滅度五鍊生尸妙經》,約成書於東晉末南朝初,則已有救度亡者魂魄的概念,提及「拔度幽牢地獄,積夜寒鄉,三塗五苦,餓鬼死魂,令悉見光明」等語。

華人喪禮中,俗稱作功德作功果等。超度是一種「喪事」的宗教儀式,是在漢傳佛教道教民間信仰中,以佈施侶、道士、念誦佛經、召請等等行為,使祖先亡靈彌補生前罪業,得到冥福、增加福報、減輕身處地獄餓鬼輪迴恶道的困擾等。有時還有破地獄的儀式,道士會帶親屬做一些動作仿效目蓮救母,象徵把亡者救出地獄。[1]

作旬

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閩南人傳說,在一個人死後,每七日須做法事,連作七次,由頭七滿七,「七七四十九日」才結束。閩南人稱此為「過王官」,「王」為閻王

佛教徒聘僧念誦《心經大悲咒十小咒》、《金剛經》、《無量壽經》、《阿彌陀經》、《藥師經》、《文殊般若經》、《地藏十輪經》、《地藏本願經》、《虛空藏經》、《教化地獄經》、《觀音普門品》、《普賢行願品》、《水懺》、《梁皇懺》、《藥師懺》、《八十八佛懺》等。道教徒則念誦《度人經》、《太乙救苦經》、《太乙懺》、《純陽懺》等。究竟念誦何經何懺,佛教與道教皆並無硬性規定,端視其長短,還有死者與家屬信仰之宗派,是為「作七」,通常以較短的經文,或者某篇長經中的一品一章,最為普遍。甚至有頭七念佛經、二七誦道經者。

清治時期起,臺灣人通常只作法事至「尾七」即止,而不「作旬」,直接作「百日」,故臺灣人則直接稱「作七」為「作旬」。[1]

參考資料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 超薦. religion.moi.gov.tw. [2017-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-25). 

外部連結

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超度
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