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赤尾青竹絲

赤尾青竹絲
赤尾青竹絲,攝於台灣拉拉山
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
目: 有鳞目 Squamata
亚目: 蛇亚目 Serpentes
科: 蝰科 Viperidae
属: 绿蝮属 Viridovipera
种:
赤尾青竹絲 V. stejnegeri
二名法
Viridovipera stejnegeri
(Schmidt, 1925)
異名
  • Trimeresurus stejnegeri
    Schmidt, 1925
  • Trimeresurus gramineus stejnegeri
    — Stejneger, 1927
  • Trimeresurus gramineus formosensis
    Maki法语Moichirō Maki, 1931
  • Trimeresurus gramineus kodairai
    Maki, 1931
  • Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri
    — Pope, 1935
  • Trimeresurus stejnegeri makii
    Klemmer, 1963
  • Trimeresurus stejnegeri formosensis
    — Welch, 1988
  • Trimeresurus stejnegeri kodairai
    — Welch, 1988[2]
  • Trimeresurus stejnegeri
    — Cox et al., 1998
  • Viridovipera stejnegeri
    — Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
  • Trimeresurus (Viridovipera) stejnegeri
    — David et al., 2011[3]

赤尾青竹絲學名Viridovipera stejnegeri)又名福建竹葉青蛇福建绿蝮中國竹葉青蛇,俗稱赤尾鮐(「鮐」有時亦誤作「呆」)、青竹蛇青竹鏢,是一種分佈於印度尼泊爾緬甸泰國中華人民共和國臺灣等地的蝮亞科竹葉青屬毒蛇,有三個亞種,在台灣為六大毒蛇之一。[4]

描述

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赤尾青竹絲的尾部特寫,攝於台灣集集大山

中小型蛇類,最大體長約90公分,體型瘦長,頭部呈三角形,頸部細長,眼睛為紅色,眼睛和鼻孔間有可感熱的頰窩。身體背部為翠綠色或深綠色,腹側有一條白色細縱線,雄性在白線下還有一條紅縱線,但不是絕對,有時亦有無縱線的個體,或是只有白色縱線的雄性,腹部為淡黃綠色,尾部為磚紅色。

習性

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白天夜晚均會活動,但以夜間活動較為頻繁。通常以類、蜥蜴類、老鼠鼩鼱為食,其中又以蛙類為主。以卵胎生方式繁殖,一般於秋季交配,隔年的夏季生產。每窩可產2~15條幼蛇,初生幼蛇長約26公分,一年半左右即可達到性成熟[5]

雖然毒性較弱,但因為體色與植物相近會攻擊棲地裡採集植物的人,是台灣咬人紀錄最多的蛇類。毒液中含有出血性毒素,被咬的傷口會腫痛、發癢、瘀血或起水泡。[5]

棲地

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棲地形態極為廣泛,由低海拔次生林到2,000多公尺山區的各類型環境皆能發現到牠的蹤跡。[6]

保护

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本种于2023年被收录入《有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物名录[7]

參考文獻

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  1. ^ Guo P, Jiang J, Lau MWN & Zhou Z. Trimeresurus stejnegeri . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. [13 October 2012]. 
  2. ^ McDiarmid RW法语Roy Wallace McDiarmid, Campbell JA, Touré T (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  3. ^ "Trimeresurus stejnegeri ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  4. ^ Trimeresurus stejnegeri. ITIS. 2007 [25 May, 2007]. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 陳本林. 赤尾青竹絲介紹(2009/11/23). 國立鳳凰谷鳥園. 2009-11-12 [2019-02-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-01). 
  6. ^ 國家研究院辭書. 赤尾青竹絲. 教育部教育雲. 2007-01 [2019-02-01]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-02). 
  7. ^ 有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物名录. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 2023-06-26 [2023-11-12]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-09). 

進階閱讀

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  • Creer, S.; Malhotra, A.; Thorpe, R.S.; Chou, W.H. 2001 Multiple causation of phylogeographical pattern as revealed by nested clade analysis of the bamboo viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri) within Taiwan. Molecular Ecology 10(8):1967-1981
  • Malhotra, Anita & Roger S. Thorpe 2004 Maximizing information in systematic revisions: a combined molecular and morphological analysis of a cryptic green Pit Viper complex (Trimeresurus stejnegeri).Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 82 (2): 219
  • Parkinson,C.L. 1999 Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of Pit Vipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia 1999 (3): 576-586
  • Peng, G. & Fuji, Z. 2001 Comparative studies on hemipenes of four species of Trimeresurus (sensu stricto) (Serpentes: Crotalinae). Amphibia-Reptilia 22 (1): 113-117
  • Tu, M.-C. et al. 2000 Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Biogeography of the Oriental Pit Vipers of the Genus Trimeresurus (Reptilia: ViperidaCrotalinae): A Molecular Perspective. ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 17: 1147-1157
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赤尾青竹絲
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