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质量加权坐标

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质量加权坐标是描述分子内部运动的一套坐标体系

质量加权坐标的导出

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假设一个分子或离子是由N个原子组成的,每一个原子都有自己的一个平衡位置坐标,当各个原子进行分子内部运动时就会偏离各自的平衡位置,则每个原子会产生相互正交的三个方向上的位移:

那么由于这种分子内部运动所引起的动能为:

如果把质量和位移结合并用统一的符号表示三个正交的坐标:

这个就是质量加权坐标。

质量加权坐标的应用

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  • 用来表示分子内部运动的动能

  • 用来表示分子内部势能

其中称为力常数,表达式为:

参见

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质量加权坐标
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