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负载

图右为“电力负荷”(load)

负载(electrical load)或负荷,此处是“电负载(荷)”、“电力负载”、“用电负荷”的简称,原始定义指电路所消耗的有功功率;其延伸定义泛指任何消耗有功功率电子器件或电路上的装置、设备,例如家中的电器,即连接在电路电源两端的電路元件。负载的单位,按原始定义为瓦特(W)[1];但在口语上,负载的单位按指称的对象不同而定。

“负载”此概念与产生电力的电源(例如电池或发电机)相对。在应用电力系统中,发电厂的地位相当于电源;而工厂、家庭等消耗电能者是负载。

電路中不應沒有負載而直接把電源兩極相連,此連接稱為短路。常用的負載有電阻引擎燈泡等可消耗功率的元件。不消耗功率的元件,如電容,也可接上去,但此情況為斷路

参考

  1. ^ H. Lee Willis (编). Distributed Power Generation: Planning and Evaluation. CRC Press. 2018: 38 [2022-03-20]. ISBN 9781482263190. (原始内容存档于2022-04-06). 
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