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脂肪組織

脂肪組織(中間)是一種結締組織

脂肪組織(Adipose tissue)在人體組織學上屬於人體內一種鬆散的結締組織,由脂肪細胞(一種細胞質內含有脂肪滴的細胞)組成,用來儲存脂肪[1]

脂肪組織的主要功用是以「脂肪」的形式儲存能量,但亦可為身體作緩衝撞擊及保存熱量的功用。肥胖症超重的人和動物在肌肉組成方面相差無幾,主要的體重差異來自於脂肪組織過多。分布在人體皮下組織(皮下脂肪),大網膜、腸繫膜和腎臟周圍(內臟脂肪),血管壁等處。體內脂肪的含量常隨營養狀況、能量消耗等因素而變動。

分類

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三种不同类型脂肪细胞的形态

可分為單房性脂肪組織多房性脂肪組織兩大類[2]

  • 單房性脂肪組織:又名白色脂肪組織(White Adipose Tissue,WAT),是一種存有大型脂肪滴的細胞。在這種細胞內,細胞核胞器都被細胞內的脂肪滴壓迫到細胞的邊緣,是一種貯藏型的細胞;
  • 多房性脂肪組織:又名棕色脂肪組織(Brown Adipose Tissue,BAT),是一種主要儲存中、小型脂肪滴的細胞,有發達的胞器,主要存在於頭、頸部位,是一種代謝型的細胞。

生理學

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脂肪組織亦是身體的重要內分泌系統器官[3],為身體製造激素,例如:瘦素(leptin)、抵抗素(resistin),以及屬於細胞激素腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)等。脂肪組織的形成由脂肪基因(adipose gene)所控制。一般會冬眠的動物,體內的脂肪細胞以多房性脂肪組織為主體,是冬眠腺的主要組成部份[2]

参考文献

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  1. ^ A+ 脂肪組織(adipose tissue). [2014-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-24). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 日本獣医解剖学会(編). 『獣医組織学 改訂第二版』. 学窓社. 2003年. ISBN 4873621135. 
  3. ^ Kershaw EE, Flier JS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2004, 89 (6): 2548–56. PMID 15181022. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0395. 

外部連結

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參見

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脂肪組織
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