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谶书.
讖書,在西漢末年出現於中國的一種神秘學書籍,記載預言。與緯書合稱讖緯,與河圖洛書合稱圖讖。在東漢時,研究讖書的風氣盛行。但在魏晉南北朝時,官方下令民間不得私自研究,至唐朝之後,多數讖書都已失傳。
讖書是一系列記載預言的書籍,最早源自於占星,觀察龜策卜卦,或經由巫覡神諭,之後記錄成書[1]。其內容多引用五德終始說,儒家與道教學說,兼及民間傳說。在東漢時,因王室尊崇,成為儒者研究的對象,對於政局也有很大的影響力。
讖書與儒家六經合流之後,出現緯書,其內容以讖書來解釋經文內容。六經皆有讖書,有《詩讖》、《春秋元命苞》等。
讖書在西漢成帝、哀帝之後出現。王莽利用讖書稱帝,東漢光武帝也以讖書來增加其政權合法性,之後盛行於東漢。
賈逵曾記錄讖書中相互衝突的內容,以證明這些書籍非預言。張衡曾主張由官方收藏圖讖,禁絕其在民間流行[2]。
- ^ 《後漢書》卷59〈張衡列傳〉:「臣聞,聖人明審律歷以定吉凶,重之以卜筮,雜之以九宮,經天驗道,本盡於此。或觀星辰逆順,寒燠所由,或察龜策之占,巫覡之言,其所因者,非一術也。立言於前,有徵於後,故智者貴焉,謂之讖書。」
- ^ 《後漢書》卷59〈張衡列傳〉:「初,光武善讖,及顯宗,肅宗,因祖述焉。自中興之後,儒者爭學圖緯,兼復附以妖言。衡以圖緯虛妄,非聖人之法,乃上疏曰:……宜收藏圖讖,一禁絕之。」
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