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認知主義

認知主義又名認知學派 (Cognitivism),是一種學習理論,與行為主義學派的理論相對。認知學派學者認為學習者透過認知過程cognitive process),把各種資料加以儲存及組織,形成知識結構cognitive structure)。

學習理論

  • 沃尔夫冈·苛勒的頓悟學習法(英语Insight Learning):
    • 提出知覺是以痕跡的形式保留
    • 提倡記憶與想像對學習的重要性
    • 學習是對問題情境的整體領悟
    • (參看:庫勒實驗:讓猩猩學習的過程)
  • 潛在學習法(Latent Learning):
    • 學習如果沒有相應的驅動力或酬賞的狀況下,學習時行為上沒有大改變。相反,若有鼓勵或酬賞的話,結果會有較明顯的進步。
  • 訊息處理論Information Processing Model
    • 訊息的構成
    • 編碼、解碼;貯存、忘記

治療應用

參看

参考资料

  1. ^ cognitive therapy - 認知治療. terms.naer.edu.tw. [2019-03-29]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-29). 
  2. ^ depressive cognitive triad - 憂鬱認知三角. terms.naer.edu.tw. [2019-03-29]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-01). 
  3. ^ rational-emotive behavior therapy(REBT) - 理情行為治療(法). terms.naer.edu.tw. [2019-03-29]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-29). 
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認知主義
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