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計算社會科學

計算社會科學(英語:Computational social science)指的是在社會科學中採用電腦運算方法的學術分支,運算用以建立模型模擬、分析社會現象。次分支包括計算經濟學計算社會學歷史動力學英语cliodynamics、自動媒體分析等等,內容則專注在透過模擬、建模、網絡分析、媒體分析等觀察社會與行為關係及互動[1]。計算社會科學演化自科學方法的基礎:觀察研究(如利用大數據分析數位足跡)以及科學理論(如利用電腦模擬建立社會模型)等等[2][3]。計算社會科學是一種多學科綜合的方法,透過先進的資訊科技觀察社會,特別是資訊的處理。電腦用於分析社會網絡、社會地理系統[4]社群媒體傳統媒體內容等等。

計算社會科學日益依賴逐漸增加的大型資料庫,目前正由幾個跨領域計畫建置中或維護中的資料庫有:

  • 塞莎特(Seshat):全球歷史的資料庫,內容系統性的收集了關於內容群體政治社會組織的資訊,以及社會如何演化等。塞莎特隸屬於演化研究所,演化研究所為非營利智庫,目標為「利用演化科學來解決現實世界問題」。
  • D-PLACE:地方、語言、文化和環境資料庫,提供超過1400個人類社會形態的資料[5]
  • 文化演化圖集:是由彼得·百富勤(Peter N. Peregrie)所建立的考古資料庫[6]
  • CHIA页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆):即歷史分析的協作資訊(Collaborative Information for Historical Analysis页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)),是由匹茲堡大學主持的多學科合作項目,旨在將歷資訊資訊建檔,將數據與全球各地的研究機構連結起來。
  • 國際社會歷史研究所(International Institute of Social History):收集關於勞動關係,工人和勞動的全球社會歷史的資料。
  • Human Relations Area Files eHRAF Archaeology[7]
  • Human Relations Area Files eHRAF World Cultures[8]
  • Clio-Infra页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆):從公元前1800年到現在的全球社會樣本的經濟績效和社會福利其他方面的資料庫。

對大量歷史報紙內容的分析率先顯示了如何自動發現週期性結構[9][10] ,對社群媒體進行類似的分析,也能看到明顯的週期性結構[11]

參見

参考文献

  1. ^ The Computational Social Science Society of the Americas official website. [2017-01-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-02). 
  2. ^ DT&SC 7-1: .页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ Hilbert, M. e-Science for Digital Development: ICT4ICT4D (PDF). Centre for Development Informatics, SEED, University of Manchester. 2015 [2017-01-22]. ISBN 978-1-905469-54-3. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24). 
  4. ^ Cioffi-Revilla, Claudio. Computational social science. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: ComputationalStatistics. 2010, 2 (3): 259–271. doi:10.1002/wics.95. 
  5. ^ Gray, Russell D.; Greenhill, Simon J.; Jordan, Fiona M.; Gomes-Ng, Stephanie; Bibiko, Hans-Jörg; Blasi, Damián E.; Botero, Carlos A.; Bowern, Claire. D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. PLoS ONE. 2016, 11 (7).  Authors list列表中的|first1=缺少|last1= (帮助)
  6. ^ Peter N. Peregrine, Atlas of Cultural Evolution, World Cultures 14(1), 2003
  7. ^ eHRAF Archaeology. Human Relations Area Files. [2017-01-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-05). 
  8. ^ eHRAF World Cultures. Human Relations Area Files. [2017-01-22]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-11). 
  9. ^ Lansdall-Welfare, Thomas; Sudhahar, Saatviga; Thompson, James; Lewis, Justin; Team, FindMyPast Newspaper; Cristianini, Nello. Content analysis of 150 years of British periodicals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017-01-09: 201606380 [2017-01-22]. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 28069962. doi:10.1073/pnas.1606380114. (原始内容存档于2019-11-15) (英语). 
  10. ^ Dzogang, Fabon; Lansdall-Welfare, Thomas; Team, FindMyPast Newspaper; Cristianini, Nello. Discovering Periodic Patterns in Historical News. PLOS ONE. 2016-11-08, 11 (11): e0165736 [2021-05-17]. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5100883可免费查阅. PMID 27824911. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165736. (原始内容存档于2021-02-14). 
  11. ^ Seasonal Fluctuations in Collective Mood Revealed by Wikipedia Searches and Twitter Posts F Dzogang, T Lansdall-Welfare, N Cristianini - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, Workshop on Data Mining in Human Activity Analysis
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計算社會科學
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