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計六奇

計六奇(1622年—约1687年),字用賓,號天節子,別號九峰居士江南常州府無錫縣興道鄉(今惠山區玉祁街道)人。史學家。

生平

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家境清貧,二次鄉試不中,康熙二年(1663年)後以教學為業,並開始撰寫《明季北略》和《明季南略》二書。為了編寫明朝遺史,計六奇曾先後前往江陰蘇州揚州六合鎮江通州桐城等地實地考察,訪問耆老、搜羅遺聞、詢檢軼事,嘗自言:“目不交睫,手不停披,旦夕不輟,寒暑不間,賓朋出入不知,家中米鹽不問。”《明季北略》共二十四卷,記錄萬曆二十三年(1595年)努爾哈赤堀起東北至崇禎十七年(1644年)吳三桂引清兵入關。《明季南略》凡十六卷,上起清順治元年(1644年)五月、止於康熙四年(1665年)二月,記述南明史略與鄭成功事蹟。

《北略》《南略》两书编纂特点是编年为纲,杂以纪事本末、传记形式。各卷按年分事记述,但编年不编月,有些事目中,又多以事件为题,也有传记、章奏、诗文。每卷几乎都有“志异”,專记星象变化和天灾异象。梁启超说:“计用宾之《明季北略》、《明季南略》,用纪事本末体,组织颇善”。

1944年甲申年,郭沫若重慶著述《甲申三百年祭》一文,即大量抄録《明季北略》與《明季南略》二書,要求中國共產黨高級領導記取歷史教訓,不能重蹈李自成覆轍。計六奇一生熱愛史學,另著有《粵滇紀聞》《辛丑紀聞》《金壇獄案》《南京紀略》等。

参見

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  • 中華書局《明季北略》、《明季南略》
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計六奇
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