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西蒙螈

西蒙螈属
化石时期:289–270 Ma
Seymouria baylorensis
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
目: 西蒙螈目 Seymouriamorpha
科: 西蒙螈科 Seymouriidae
属: 西蒙螈属 Seymouria
Broili, 1904
  • S. baylorensis
  • S. sanjuanensis
  • S. grandis
  • S. agilis

西蒙螈學名Seymouria),又名蜥螈西蒙龍,是一類生存於二疊紀早期北美洲歐洲的擬爬行動物。牠們細小,只有60厘米長。牠們適合在陸地生活,且擁有很多爬行類的特徵,事實上牠們也被認為是原始爬行類。

特徵

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西蒙螈的骨骼

二疊紀的乾旱氣候很適合爬行動物生存,而西蒙螈就擁有多種這類特徵。牠們的腳長及強壯,皮膚有可能是乾的及具有保存份的能力。有指牠們可以從鼻腺排出血液內多餘的份。這些都顯示西蒙螈並不像兩棲類及其他四足類,而是可以離開水面更長的時間。若真是這樣,牠們可以在陸地上到處走動尋找昆蟲、細小兩棲類及其他獵物。

雄性西蒙螈有很厚的頭顱骨,可能是為了用在交配比試。交配後,雌螈會回到水中產卵。幼螈會在水中生長,吃蠕蟲及昆蟲,直至牠們可以在陸地上生活。雖然沒有發現幼螈的化石,從其他西蒙螈目幼螈的化石可知牠們應該擁有外鰓。

西蒙螈的化石是在美國德克薩斯州西摩貝勒縣發現。另外在北美洲德國都有發現一些保存完好的化石。

大眾文化

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西蒙螈在BBC製作的《與巨獸同行》中出場,對異齒龍的巢穴虎視眈眈。

參考

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  • Haines, Tim & Chambers, Paul. (2006) The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life. Canada: Firefly Books Ltd.

外部連結

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西蒙螈
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