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西汉长沙王后渔阳墓.
西汉长沙王后渔阳墓是西汉前期吴氏长沙國王后渔阳的墓葬,它位於湘江西岸望城坡古坟垸。它坐落在海拔71.2米的山丘上,占地20余亩,面积达1万多平方米。它由一座主墓和3座陪葬坑构成。主墓居中。主墓为一帶有斜坡式墓道的竖穴墓,由封土、墓道、墓坑和墓室四部分组成。从封土顶到墓坑底深约16米,主墓全长(含墓道)37米。墓坑深10米,封土堆厚5米。主墓分内外二层椁室,内置棺柩。外椁长7.48米,宽5.8米,高2.68米。椁外四周用480余根短木枋凑成八层环绕。3座陪葬坑为庖厨坑、车马坑、陶牲俑坑,分别埋葬日用陶器和陶礼器、车马器和100件陶牲俑。[1]
該墓出土的金、玉、铁、漆、玛瑙、竹、木、耳杯[2]、丝织品及陶器等各类文物总数超过5000件。其中有印有篆书「长沙后府」四字的封泥匣。许多漆器上刻写有文字「渔阳」。墓中還出土了21件古乐器:瑟、筑(五弦筑)、筝、排箫、编磐。[1]另外還有一塊长方形薄板(楬),上面寫有「陛下所以赠物:青璧三、绀缯十一匹,薰缯九匹」。[3]
1993年7月,长沙市文物工作队在古坟垸发掘了渔阳墓。该墓历史上三次被盗(漢朝兩次、唐朝一次)。国家文物局公布西汉长沙王后渔阳墓为1994年度全国十大考古新发现之一。[1]1993年被列为長沙市级文物保护单位,1996年被公佈為湖南省級文物保護單位。[4]墓坑四周的六亩土地被划出做永久性保护、当地政府对墓坑进行了保护、加固。[5]
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