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西昆酬唱集.
《西崑酬唱集》,簡稱《西崑集》,2卷,北宋楊億編著,与《册府元龟》同时产生。由於此書的流行,產生了西崑體。
“西昆”是指西方昆崙之山,係取自《穆天子传》之“天子升于昆仑之丘,至于群玉之山,先王之所谓册府。”据此,后人称帝王藏书的秘阁为册府。宋真宗景德二年(1005年),編纂《冊府元龜》團隊中,楊億與劉筠、錢惟演等十七位文學家預修《册府元龟》之餘,[1]寫詩唱和,並把這些詩編輯成集,共250首,多學李商隱,用事深密,追求辞藻的华丽,堆砌典故。杨億在《西崑酬唱集序》中說:“历览遗编,研味前作,挹其芳润,发于希慕,更迭唱和,互相切劘。”集中所收楊億、劉筠、錢惟演三人诗作分别为75首、73首和54首,占总数的五分之四以上;此外有李宗諤7首、陳越1首、李維3首、劉騭5首、刁衎2首、任隨3首、張咏2首、钱惟济2首、丁谓5首、舒雅3首、晁迥5首、崔遵度1首、薛映6首、劉秉6首等人作品。[2]《西崑酬唱集》行世後,風行一時,“後進學者爭效之,風雅一變,謂之崑體,由是唐賢諸詩集幾廢而不行”。[3]《四库全书总目提要》指出:“后欧、梅既出,诗格一变,亿等之派遂微。然其组织工致,锻炼新警之处,终不可磨灭。”《西昆酬唱集》中某些作品有其寓意,例如《宣曲》诗便有諷刺古代帝王后宮荒淫之意,因被檢舉为隐射当朝,宋真宗下诏禁止浮文。[4]
按《藏园群书经眼录》,西崑酬唱集有嘉靖十六年张綖玩珠堂刊本、清代古香楼刊本、影宋精写本、杨绍和海源阁旧藏精写本以及赵作肃见山堂刊本。[5]其中的海源阁抄本为万历朝钱允治手抄。[6]莫友芝《郘亭书目》谓之清写本,有误。[7]1980年中华书局出版王仲荦所撰《西昆酬唱集注》。
- ^ 西昆酬唱人數有十七或十八人之争論。楊億撰《西崑酬唱集》序,自言與錢惟演、劉筠“更迭唱和”,又云“其屬而和者又十有五人”。楊、劉、錢三人加十五人則共十八人。而今本《西崑集》只有十七人,實則脫漏館職王曾此人。《後村先生大全集》卷一八〇《後村詩話》云:“王沂公(即王曾)只有一篇在卷末。”
- ^ 據王仲犖《西昆酬唱集注》前言
- ^ 欧阳修《六一诗话》:“自杨、刘唱和,《西昆集》行,后进学者争效之,风雅一变,谓之体。”
- ^ 《长编》引江休复《嘉祐杂志》所云:“上在南衙,尝召散乐伶丁香,昼承恩幸,杨、刘在禁林作宣曲诗,王钦若密奏,以为寓讽,遂助令戒僻文字。”
- ^ 藏园群书经眼录
- ^ 藏园批注楹书隅录
- ^ 藏园批注郘亭知见传本书目
- 肖瑞峰. 重评《西昆酬唱集》中的杨亿诗[J]. 文学遗产, 1984(1): 64–73.
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