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西伯利亞鱘

西伯利亞鱘
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri
目: 鲟形目 Acipenseriformes
科: 鱘科 Acipenseridae
属: 鲟属 Acipenser
种:
西伯利亞鱘 A. baerii
二名法
Acipenser baerii
Brandt, 1869
亞種
  • A. b. baerii
  • 貝加爾鱘 A. b. baicalensis
  • 勒拿河鱘 A. b. stenorrhynchus

西伯利亞鱘(亦名開心魚學名Acipenser baerii)是一種鱘科魚類。它們主要分佈在西伯利亞北向喀拉海拉普捷夫海東西伯利亞海流域,包括鄂畢河葉尼塞河勒拿河科雷馬河。它們也有在哈薩克斯坦中國額爾齊斯河出沒。

分類

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雖然有指西伯利亞鱘可能是單型[2],但一般認為它們有3個亞種[1]

  • 指名亞種(A. b. baerii):佔了西伯利亞鱘數量的80%,分佈在鄂畢河及其流域。由於鄂畢河季節性的缺氧,它們會於冬天遷徙到河口。它們會向上游游達幾千公里產卵。
  • 貝加爾鱘(A. b. baicalensis):是特有的湖泊形態,主要分佈在貝加爾湖北端,並會遷徙到色楞格河產卵。
  • 勒拿河鱘(A. b. stenorrhynchus):分佈在西伯利亞東部的河流,可以分為會遷徙產卵及不會遷徙的形態。

特徵

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西伯利亞鱘約重65公斤,最重可達210公斤。它們非常長壽,可以活到60歲,但很遲才達至性成熟,雄魚約要11-24歲,雌魚約要20-28歲。它們會在湍急的主流中產卵。[1]

西伯利亞鱘吃多種底棲生物,如甲殼類搖蚊幼蟲

西伯利亞鱘由於失去棲息地及被捕獵而數量大幅下降。[1]約有40%的產卵位點因興建水壩而不能到達。水污染也對它們的繁殖及生長造成影響。[3]

養殖

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雖然野生西伯利亞鱘的數量在下降,但養殖業不斷的增加。由於勒拿河鱘是在淡水中完成其生命周期,且較早達至性成熟,它們一般會被作為養殖的魚苗。西伯利亞鱘魚子醬的主要生產地是法國,而魚肉最大的生產國是俄羅斯中國[4]

參考

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ruban, G. & Bin Zhu. Acipenser baerii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009. [2010-12-02]. 
  2. ^ Ruban, G.I. The Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii Brandt (Structure and Ecology of the Species). Moscow: GEOS publishers. 1999: 235 (俄语). 
  3. ^ Akimova, N.V. and Ruban, G.I. Reproductive System Condition and the Reason for Decreased Abundance of Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baerii in the Ob’ River. Journal of Ichthyology. 2001, 41 (2): 177–81. 
  4. ^ Jesús Matallanas. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme - SIDP. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. [2010-06-18]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-11). 

外部連結

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西伯利亞鱘
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