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褚少孙.
褚少孙 |
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性别 | 男 |
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出生 | 漢宣帝以前 西汉 |
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逝世 | 漢成帝 西汉 |
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居住地 | 潁川 |
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国籍 | 西汉 |
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教育程度 | 私塾 |
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职业 | 文學家 |
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活跃时期 | 元、成年間 |
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褚少孙(?—?),西汉元、成間博士,潁川(今河南省禹州市)人。修补部分散佚《史记》散文十余篇。唐朝政治家、書法家褚遂良為其後代。
梁相褚大侄孫,早年寓居沛县,求学於漢儒王式。宣帝元康初年入仕爲郎,後遷侍郎。甘露年間為博士。[1]《史记》自司马迁殁有十篇散失,元成之間,由褚少孙补缺。《史记》中有称“褚先生曰”者,皆少孙所补述,以有别於“太史公曰”。[2]但一般認為所补文章文学性和艺术性远不如司马迁原作,[3]“言辭鄙陋,非遷本意也”,[4]不过仍具有一定史料价值,亦有部分內容其實相當生動,如《史記.滑稽列傳》中的西門豹、郭舍人。
其所補述,據裴駰引三國張晏:“遷沒之後,亡〈景紀〉、〈武紀〉、〈禮書〉、〈樂書〉、〈律書〉、〈漢興以來將相年表〉、〈日者列傳〉、〈三王世家〉、〈龜策列傳〉、〈傅靳蒯成列傳〉。”但具歷來學者研究,褚少孫所補恐怕不只十篇,[5]且其中多有文辭典麗者,不得逕以鄙陋視之。
- ^ 司馬貞《索隱》引韋稜云:“楮顗家傳楮少孫,梁相褚大弟之孫,宣帝代為博士,寓居于沛,事大儒王式,號為‘先生’,續《太史公書》。”
- ^ 钱大昕《廿二史考异》说:“少孫補史,皆取史公所闕,意雖淺近,詞無雷同,未嘗移甲當作乙者也。或魏晉以後,少孫補篇亦亡,鄉里妄人取此以足其數耳。”
- ^ 司马贞《索隐》说:“今褚少孙唯取太卜占龟之杂说,词甚烦芜,不能裁剪,妄皆穿凿,此篇不才之甚也。”
- ^ 《史記·太史公自序》集解引張晏曰:“元成之間,褚先生補闕,作〈武帝紀〉、〈三王世家〉、〈龜策〉、〈日者列傳〉,言辭鄙陋,非遷本意也”。張守節《正義》亦云:“《史記》至元成閒十篇有錄無書,而褚少孫補〈景〉、〈武紀〉,〈將相年表〉,〈禮書〉、〈樂書〉、〈律書〉,〈三王世家〉,〈蒯成侯〉、〈日者〉、〈龜策〉列傳。〈日者〉、〈龜策〉言辭最鄙陋,非太史公之本意也。”
- ^ 赵翼《廿二史札记》卷一《褚少孙补史记不止十篇》条
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