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裸奇異點

廣義相對論中,裸奇異點(英語:Naked singularity)是一種理論推測出的重力奇異點,其外沒有事件視界包圍住。一個黑洞是由重力奇異點與包圍住它的事件視界所構成,速度最快的光也無法逃脫到事件視界之外,因此理論上外界觀察者無法直接觀測到黑洞內部的現象。裸奇異點則與之相反,光與其他粒子有機會逃離奇異點至遠方,而事件視界因此不存在;外界觀察者有機會觀察到發生在奇異點附近劇烈扭曲時空的現象。

裸奇異點的存在對於天文物理等領域來說有其重要性,其中之一是可能得以觀察到星體塌縮成無限大密度的點的一些過程。另一方面,其存在與特性乃是對量子重力理論進行檢驗的良好機會。

奇異點與宇宙審查假說

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英國數學物理學家彭羅斯(Roger Penrose)於1969年提出一項自然法則的猜想,被稱之為宇宙審查假說。此猜想陳述星體塌縮成奇異點的過程,必須伴隨事件視界的產生;由於事件視界的存在,處於其內的奇異點無法被直接窺視。

裸奇異點的形成

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宇宙審查假說並未經過直接驗證,而有些物理學家也質疑宇宙審查假說的真確性。其透過理論預測,指出裸奇異點的存在是有可能的。一些不同結構、形狀的星體在塌縮過程中,並不如過去所分析的必然伴隨事件視界的產生。其中的例子如德國物理學家塞費德(Hans Jürgen Seifert)與其同僚在1973年所提出的密度不均勻星體的例子。

參考文獻

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https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid02GaR9RFhAjzqnn4ASwnmndmnsckXjStRRywwyy8hTsgAwEKpy7RE49NK9WD5zqgrgl&id=100011903144850&mibextid=Nif5oz

  • (英文) Pankaj S. Joshi "Do Naked Singularities Break the Rules of Physics?" 《Scientific American》 2009年1月號。[1]Archive.is存檔,存档日期2012-05-25
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裸奇異點
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