For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 被告.

被告

紐倫堡大審的被告席

被告(英語:defendant)是訴訟主體之一,屬於被動進入訴訟的一方当事人,與原告合稱兩造。被告和原告乃僅存在於第一審的用詞,如果上訴到第二審以上,兩造當事人會改稱「上訴人」與「被上訴人」。在法庭中,被告席的位置通常位於法官的右側。

「被告」的各地常用名稱
中国大陸被告人(刑事)、被告(民事)
臺灣被告
港澳被告

民事訴訟

民事诉讼中,被告是指與原告處於對立面的当事人,通常其訴訟主張(答辯)會與原告相反。原告與被告於审判中皆居於同等的地位,均得聲請法院調查證據傳喚英语Summons證人

不過並非所有的自然人法人法人團體等皆能夠成為民事訴訟的被告,民事訴訟法對於訴訟當事人的資格有一定規範,稱為「當事人適格日语当事者適格」。當事人適格屬於程序事項,一旦當事人不適格即會遭到法院裁定駁回,而不會進入實體審理。而當事人適格與否則與實體法的規定有關,被告需為實體法上負有義務法律主體,才能享有訴訟實施權,即接受本案判決的資格。例如,成年人甲竊取A之財物,A卻向甲的母親乙起訴請求損害賠償;此時由於乙並非侵权行为人,依法不負賠償義務,且甲亦已成年而不負連帶賠償責任,故乙不具被告適格,A的起訴將會被駁回。

刑事訴訟

刑事訴訟的「被告」是指涉嫌犯罪而受刑事追訴之人,在偵查階段與檢察官並不處於對等地位,但基於訴訟武器平等原則,國家不得剝奪被告委請律師辩护权利。刑事程序中的被告受到「无罪推定原则」和「不自證己罪原則」的保護[1],享有緘默權聽審權和閱卷權等權利;而檢察官則負有實質的舉證責任,若其無法證明被告確有犯行,法院即必須判決被告無罪

參見

參考資料

{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
被告
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?