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衍生物

在化学领域上,衍生物(derivative)是一种通过化学反应,从“相似化合物”中衍生出来的化合物

在过去,衍生物是想象中,由“简单化合物”中的原子(常为)、原子团官能团,经过一次或数次的化学过程,被其他原子或原子团(官能团)取代而衍生的“较复杂产物”[1];但现代化学术语,已改用结构类似物来表示这个意思,尤其在有机化学中很常见。

在生物化学领域上,衍生物这个词,是指至少在理论上可由“前体化合物”形成的化合物[2]

母体化合物

在化学领域上,母体化合物(parent compound)简称母体,则是相对于衍生物而言,具有基本结构的化合物。亦即,衍生物虽经过一种或多种化学反应,却保留了母体化合物的基本骨架,只在侧链官能团取代基上发生变化、进行修饰,从而产生的一种或一群新化合物,称为“原母体化合物的衍生物”。

例如,若以甲烷(CH4)为母体化合物,则甲醇(CH3OH)、甲醛(HCHO)、甲酸(HCOOH)、一氯甲烷(CH3Cl)、三氯甲烷(CHCl3)、氯仿(CHCl3)、硝基甲烷(CH3NO2)等均为甲烷的衍生物。

前体化合物

在生物化学领域上,前体化合物(precursor compound)简称前体,通常更具体地指:在代谢途径中,位于另一个化合物之前的化合物,例如蛋白质前体

参考

  1. ^ Definition of Derivative. Chemicool. 2007-09-18 [2007-09-18]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-31). 
  2. ^ Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology需要免费注册. Oxford University Press. 2003. ISBN 0-19-850673-2. 

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衍生物
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