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螺烯

六螺苯
六螺苯
[6]螺烃
[6]螺烃

螺烯也称螺旋烃,是芳环(如环——螺苯)彼此以邻位稠合的具螺旋结构的多环芳香化合物。其最简单的代表是六螺苯,此类分子中的末端芳环不处在一个平面上,分子没有对称面、对称中心和 S4 反轴,但有扭曲面,存在一对左手和右手螺旋的光活性对映体,故具固有手性。螺烯特殊的结构造成了其的独特的光谱和光学性质。[1]

性质

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螺苯有惊人的旋光度,比如六螺苯在氯仿中的[α]值达3700°,显示了旋光性与分子结构的密切关系。一系列螺烯中,两端的苯环组成的二面角,从[4]螺烯(26°)至[6]螺烯(58°)依次升高,从[7]螺烯(30°)开始又依次下降。除了简单的螺苯以外,还可以产生很多有趣的分子,如分子内有两个螺旋(若一个右手、一个左手可构成内消旋)、双[5]螺苯或与阻转异构、环芳等相结合的螺烯等。并苯也是一类相似的化合物,不过不具旋光性。

合成

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六螺苯最早由纽曼(M. S. Newman)与莱德尼瑟(D. Lednicer)在1956年合成,是通过双芳基取代的二酸分步发生傅-克分子内成环而制得。[2] 现有多种螺烃的合成方法,可用于一系列各类取代螺烃的合成。关键环系的构建多用芪类作前体发生光环化实现。1975年制得的最长的螺烯——[14]螺烯即由此法合成。

再如,利用格拉布二代催化剂催化的烯烃复分解,可从如下二乙烯基化合物(可由1,1'-联-2-萘酚经多步合成)合成[5]螺烯[3]

通过烯烃复分解合成螺烯
通过烯烃复分解合成螺烯

使用炔基取代的联苯-萘骨架的分子,铂催化下炔烃复分解环化,得到[6]螺烯[4]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Diels-Alder Additions of Benzynes within Helicene Skeletons David Zhigang Wang, Thomas J. Katz, James Golen, and Arnold L. Rheingold J. Org. Chem.; 2004; 69(22) pp 7769 - 7771 DOI Graphical Abstract[永久失效連結]
  2. ^ Melvin S. Newman, Daniel Lednicer (1956), "The Synthesis and Resolution of Hexahelicene", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 78 (18): 4765–4770. doi:10.1021/ja01599a060.
  3. ^ Preparation of Helicenes through Olefin Metathesis Shawn K. Collins, Alain Grandbois, Martin P. Vachon, Julie Côté Angewandte Chemie International Edition Volume 45, Issue 18 , Pages 2923 - 2926 2006 Abstract
  4. ^ Synthesis of Hexahelicene and 1-Methoxyhexahelicene via Cycloisomerization of Biphenylyl-Naphthalene Derivatives. Storch J., Sýkora J., Čermák J., Karban J., Císařová I., Růžička A. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 3090. doi: 10.1021/jo900077j页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
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螺烯
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