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蝦夷地

日語寫法
日語原文蝦夷地
假名えぞち
平文式罗马字Ezo-chi
蝦夷地

蝦夷地(日语:えぞち)是日本江戶時代對於蝦夷人(今阿伊努人)居住之地的稱呼,與大和民族松前一帶居住的「和人地日语和人地」相對。以現在的北海道(南部的渡島半島除外)為中心,包含庫頁島千島群島等地。古時也被稱為蝦夷國えぞのくに)。

15世紀至16世紀間,以渡島半島南部為勢力範圍的蠣崎氏,先後被當時實際統治日本的豐臣秀吉關白太閤)、德川家康征夷大將軍)認可擁有對蝦夷地的支配權及貿易權。進入江戶時代後,蠣崎氏改名松前氏,並被列入大名當主松前慶廣分封為松前藩,領有今日北海道南部的「和人地」以及餘下的蝦夷地。之後,北海道太平洋側與千島被命名為東蝦夷地、北海道日本海側與庫頁島則被稱為西蝦夷地。但東蝦夷地在1799年、西蝦夷地在1807年,先後被歸為幕府松前奉行)的直轄地(天领)。1809年,庫頁島易名為「北蝦夷」。1821年,蝦夷地全境曾再度成為松前藩的領地,但是在1855年又再度納為幕府(箱館奉行)直轄地(天领)。

明治2年(1869年)8月15日發布的太政官布告中,蝦夷地被改名為北海道、北蝦夷地改名為樺太

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蝦夷地
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