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介殼蟲

介壳虫总科
化石时期:早白堊紀至現代
[1]
吹綿介殼蟲(Icerya purchasi
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 半翅目 Hemiptera
亚目: 胸喙亞目 Sternorrhyncha
总科: 介壳虫总科 Coccoidea
Handlirsch德语Anton Handlirsch, 1903 [2]

見內文

介殼蟲(英語:scale insect)亦作,為半翅目胸喙亞目介殼蟲總科學名Coccoidea,又名蚧总科[3])下所有昆蟲的通稱,計有23個,合共8000多個物種,這還未計算已滅絕而只剩下化石的14個科。介殼蟲是一类細小的植食性昆虫,有許多種是对于业和园艺业危害严重的害虫

生態

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介殼蟲通常都為植物寄生蟲,透過直接侵入植物的維管束系統來吸取植物的汁液為主食。也有以菌類維生的,如:旌介殼蟲科英语OrtheziidaeNewsteadia英语Newsteadia屬。介殼蟲各種主類的大小不一:有些可以小至1-2毫米,有的則在五毫米左右。母成蟲都被硬殼或鱗片長期固定在植物上,並不能行動。會分泌出來自我防衛,此物質很像魚類鱗片

所有種類的介殼蟲都是植食性的,常以多年生植物為寄生主且天敵不多,所以在農業方面被視為害蟲,常見的有:粉蚧英语Pseudococcus軟蚧英语Coccus盾蚧。少見而人類能利用的只有白蠟蟲イボタロウムシ紫膠蟲英语Kerria lacca洋紅蟲等。

有些介殼蟲能和螞蟻共生[4]

系統分類

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現時,介殼蟲總科包括有以下各科[5][6]

  • 仁介殼蟲科 Aclerdidae :aclerdid scales
  • 鏈介殼蟲科 Asterolecaniidae Berlese, 1898 – pit scales
  • 頭介殼蟲科 Beesoniidae :不在ITIS
  • Carayonemidae :不在ITIS
  • 壶蚧科 Cerococcidae :不在ITIS
  • 介殼蟲科 Coccidae Stephens, 1829 – soft scales, tortoise scales, wax scales
  • 洋紅蟲科 Cochineal :又名胭蚧科,舊作Dactylopiidae,cochineal insects, cochineal scales
  • 禿介殼蟲科 Conchaspididae – false armoured scales
  • 盾介殼蟲科 Diaspididae Maskell, 1878 – armoured scales
  • 絨介殼蟲科 Eriococcidae – eriococcid scales
  • Halimococcidae :不在ITIS
  • 絳介殼蟲科 Kermesidae Signoret, 1875:又名红蚧科或 絳蚧科
  • Kermidae ,gall-like coccids
  • 膠介殼蟲科 Lacciferidae :lac insects,异名:Kerriidae
  • 球鍊介殼蟲科 Lecanodiaspididae :不在ITIS
  • 碩介殼蟲科 Margarodidae Newstead, 1901 – cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls
  • Micrococcidae :不在ITIS
  • Monophlebidae :不在ITIS
  • 旌介殼蟲科 Ortheziidae Green, 1896 – ensign coccids
  • 澳介殼蟲科 Phenacoleachiidae :不在ITIS
  • 粉介殼蟲科 Pseudococcidae Heymons, 1915[3]
  • Putoidae :不在ITIS
  • 始珠蚧科 Qinococcidae [7][8]
    • 罗汉松始珠蚧 Qinococcus podocarpus[8]
  • Stictococcidae :不在ITIS

參考文獻

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  1. ^ Johnson, hristine; Agosti, Donat; Delabie, Jacques H.; Dumpert, Klaus; Williams, D. J.; Tschirnhaus, Michael VON; Maschwitz, Ulrich. Acropyga and Azteca Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Scale Insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea): 20 Million Years of Intimate Symbiosis. American Museum Novitates. 2001, 335: 1–18. ISSN 0003-0082. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)335<0001:AAAAHF>2.0.CO;2. 
  2. ^ Coccoidea Handlirsch, 1903. ITIS. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 武三安. 中国绵粉蚧属种类记述(同翅目:蚧总科:粉蚧科). 《动物分类学报》. 2000年, 第25卷 (第1期) [2018-05-03]. (原始内容存档于2018-05-04) (中文(简体)). 
  4. ^ Itino, Takao; Murase, Kaori; Sato, Yumiko; Inamori, Keita; Itioka, Takao; Quek, Swee-Peck; Ueda, Shouhei. An ancient tripartite symbiosis of plants, ants and scale insects. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2008, 275 (1649): 2319–26. JSTOR 25249807. PMC 2603224可免费查阅. PMID 18611850. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0573. 
  5. ^ 王文哲. 常見介殼蟲介紹 (第六期). 臺中區農業改良場. 2000年3月 [2013-01-31]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-19) (中文(繁體)). 
  6. ^ Coccoidea. ITIS. 2005 [2005]. 
  7. ^ Wu, S A; Xu, H. A new coccoid family (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) for an unusual species of scale insect on Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) from southern China. Zootaxa. 2022, 5120 (4): 543–558 (英语). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 林学院课题组在《Zootaxa》上发表昆虫分类新科. 绿色新闻网. [2023-09-18]. 

外部連結

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On the University of Florida / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Featured Creatures website:

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介殼蟲
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