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薤露.
《薤露》,古代一首著名的挽歌,收录于汉乐府《相和曲》。
公元前202年,汉高祖下诏让原齐王田横到洛阳。田横不得已带上两个随从去洛阳。在距洛阳30里时自杀。刘邦对此十分感叹,任命两个随从为都尉,率3000士兵以王礼安葬田横。而在安葬了田横后,他的两个随从亦自杀,死前唱了这首挽歌。
薤上露,
何易晞。
露晞明朝更复落,
人死一去何时归!
蒿里谁家地,
聚敛魂魄无贤愚。
鬼伯一何相催促,
人命不得少踟蹰。
汉武帝时,协律都尉李延年,对这首歌进行了改编。他把这首分为上下阙,上阙定名为《薤露》,下阙定名为《蒿里》。《薤露》为王公贵人逝世时所用,而《蒿里》则为士大夫去世所用。
这首歌曲对后来的文学产生了一定的影响。汉末三国时期的曹操、曹植都曾模仿过它作新词,并表现新的内容。另外,晋人陶潜亦作有多篇挽歌。
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