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蒸馏水

马德里王宫陈列的用于提炼蒸馏水的试剂瓶

蒸餾水(英語:Distilled water)是纯水的一種,是經過處理後純潔、乾淨,不含有雜質細菌的水。以符合生活飲用水衛生標準的水為原水,通过電渗析器法、離子交换器法、反渗透法蒸餾法及其他適當的加工方法製得而成。

密封於容器内,且含碳酸少量碳水化合物,無色透明,可直接飲用。市場上出售的太空水,蒸餾水均屬純淨水。有時候這個詞也和化學實驗室中提煉的蒸餾水或雨水通用。

實驗室做蒸餾水器是自來水用電加熱致沸,其蒸氣過冷凝管冷凝成蒸餾水,收集即得。

应用

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蒸馏水蒸馏器

蒸馏水广泛应用于化学和生物实验室中,在工业上也有应用。有时候会使用较为便宜的去离子水代替蒸馏水。当对杂质要求很高时,则必须使用蒸馏水。对水纯度極其严苛的情况下,会使用双蒸水

通常,在化学实验中,水中的杂质会发生、参与甚至干扰化学反应,矿物质会在沸腾后留下矿物沉淀。因此蒸馏是液体提纯的其中一种方法。水沸腾时,所有不可挥发物质或矿物质均将留在瓶中,形成水垢英语Glossary of boiler terms

自来水中的离子会显著降低铅酸蓄电池寿命,车用制冷系统中,这些离子会腐蚀引擎元件冷却管道,消耗防凍劑中防腐蚀添加剂。[1]

生物实验中,对水的纯洁程度比较高,在水族箱中使用蒸馏水以避免所有不可挥发的污染物。

除此以外,水的雜質对一些精度要求高的仪器设备的可靠性有决定性作用。例如在医疗设备中,稳定气道正压(CPAP)仪使用蒸馏水对呼吸气体湿度进行调节。蒸馏水不会在稳定气道正压仪的加湿器中留下水垢。[2][3]

早期的波音707喷气发动机在高海拔高温气候下,使用蒸馏水增大空气密度,辅助飞机起飞。[4]

参考资料

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  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ Distilled Water And CPAP Usage. cpap.com. (原始内容存档于2014-07-05). 
  3. ^ CPAP Humidifier Frequently Asked Questions - CPAP.com. cpap.com. (原始内容存档于2014-07-05). 
  4. ^ Down the Susquehanna to the Chesapeake by John H. Brubaker, Jack Brubaker – page 163
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蒸馏水
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