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蒙马特圣伯多禄堂.
蒙马特圣伯多禄堂
蒙马特圣伯多禄堂内部
蒙马特圣伯多禄堂(Saint Pierre de Montmartre)是法国巴黎蒙马特高地上的两座教堂之一,不过知名度不及紧邻的圣心圣殿。但是在历史上它享有更高的声望,因为根据依纳爵·罗耀拉最早的传记,这座教堂是他发愿成立耶稣会的地方。根据其传统的历史,它是由圣德尼创建于第三世纪,只有零星的迹象显示高卢罗马曾占领这个让人感到不安的地点[1],第一位城市考古学家Theodore Vacquier确定战神庙围墙遗址,蒙马特也是因此得名[2]。1657年,古董商和当地历史学家亨利索瓦尔在修道院花园找到了遗迹。早期教堂[3]是九世纪到圣德尼圣殿朝圣途中的一站[4] 1096年属于默伦伯爵。路易六世在1133年购买了它,以兴建一座本笃会修道院,重建了墨洛温王朝的教堂;1147年,在一个盛大的皇家仪式上,教宗犹金三世再度为其祝圣,圣伯尔纳铎和克吕尼隐修院院牧彼得充当助祭[5]。
^Bailey K. Young, "Archaeology in an Urban Setting: Excavations at Saint-Pierre-de-Montmartre, Paris, 1975-1977", Journal of Field Archaeology5.3 (Autumn 1978), pp. 319-329. The retaining wall of Sacré-Coeur (constructed in 1875) stands at the eastern edge of the much-reduced monastery site.
^The toponym Mons Martis ("Mount of Mars") survived into Merovingian times, Christianised as Montmartre.
^Gregory of Tours does not mention it among the churches of Paris, perhaps because it was so far afield, but the Merovingian cemetery dates to the sixth and seventh centuries (Young 1978:321).
^Miracles of Saint Denis, ninth century, is the first reference to the church.
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