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董一元.
董一元,明代宣府前卫(在今张家口市宣化区)人。明朝边将。
为将门之后,其父董旸在嘉靖年间为宣府游击将军。与其兄董一奎以勇敢著称。嘉靖时,歷官蓟镇游击将军。因军功升迁為石门寨参将。隆庆初,迁副总兵,驻防古北口。[1]移守宣府。万历十一年(1583年),以都督佥事为昌平总兵官,不久徙宣府。万历十五年(1587年),徙蓟州。久之,因事被劾罢。后以副总兵协守宁夏,擢升為延绥总兵官。后进署都督同知,入京为中府佥事。万历二十二年(1594年),一元與巡抚李化龙击败把兔儿,进左都督,加太子太保,廕本卫世指挥使。
萬曆朝鮮之役时,诏董一元隶总督邢玠麾下,参赞军事。不久,替代李如梅为御倭总兵官。万历二十六年,邢玠将援朝军分为三路,中路為董一元军进攻泗川,對決岛津义弘。董一元先攻取晋州,占领望晋,乘胜渡江,接连平毁永春、昆阳二座敌寨。十月初一日,在攻打泗川城門時,彭信古營火藥爆炸,明军前锋以为背后遭到伏击,竞相奔溃。日軍從城內殺出,明軍大敗,死傷六千餘人。日軍將明死亡士卒的鼻子割走,日後帶回日本。史稱第一次泗川之戰,明軍傷亡慘重。消息传至明朝,万历帝大怒,下诏斩游击马呈文、郝三聘,彭信古等人被降官职,董一元也被降級。這时豐臣秀吉去世,日軍急忙撤退,明軍追擊,陈璘追擊岛津义弘的撤退部隊,董一元得以恢复原官。萬曆二十七年(1599年)三月,回朝。卒年不詳。
董一元與麻貴、張臣、杜桐、達云並稱邊將,《明史》評價董一元“白沙堝、墨山之捷,奇偉不下王越。”
注釋
- ^ 《明穆宗实录》載:“隆庆四年二月壬午,加石门寨参将董一元副总兵,管古北口参将事。十一月庚寅,改墙子岭副总兵张臣、古北口副总兵董一元俱统领总督标兵。”
参考资料
- 孫衛國,〈董一元與泗川之役略考〉
- 徐成,〈上谷世家:万历抗倭援朝名将董一元家族研究〉,收入陈尚胜,石少颖编,《壬辰战争期间明鲜军政合作问题研究》,2022
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