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葡萄科

葡萄科
化石时期:66–0 Ma
葡萄
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 蔷薇类植物 Rosids
目: 葡萄目 Vitales
Burnett, 1820
科: 葡萄科 Vitaceae
Juss., 1789

葡萄科学名Vitaceae)是真双子叶植物蔷薇类葡萄目Vitales)下唯一的

分类

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克朗奎斯特分类法》将本科列入鼠李目,属于蔷薇亚纲。1998年《APG 分类法》将其单列为独立的,置于蔷薇类植物分支之下,到2009年《APG III分类法》才承认葡萄目[1]

本科有16屬,約有770種,其中火筒樹屬約有70種。《克朗奎斯特分类法》将火筒树属单列为一个科,《APG 分类法》将其列入葡萄科。

形态与分布

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本科多分布于热带温带地区,中国有7约110,全中国均有分布。

植物除火筒樹屬外均为藤本草本,借卷须攀缘;细小;果实为浆果。

利用

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葡萄是重要的水果和酿原料。

有些種類是著名的景觀爬藤,如蛇葡萄屬、白粉藤屬、地錦屬、崖爬藤屬的植物,其中產自中國及日本的地錦與產於北美的五葉地錦是著名的例子[2]

某些葡萄科植物為著名的藥用植物,如白蘞四稜粉藤英语Cissus quadrangularis三葉崖爬藤[2]

其他

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马来半岛崖爬藤属是寄生植物大花草科的唯一宿主[3]

葡萄科許多植物為鱗翅類幼蟲的宿主[3]

注釋

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  1. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2016, 181 (1): 1–20 [2016-04-10]. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. (原始内容存档于2016-12-16). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 中國植物志英文版電子版页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),紙本出處:Flora of China 12:173. 2007。
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, VITACEAE页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。

外部链接

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葡萄科
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