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叶牙龙

叶牙龙属
化石时期:晚侏儸紀
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
演化支 頜齒類 Genasauria
演化支 新鳥臀類 Neornithischia
属: 叶牙龙属 Phyllodon
Thulborn, 1973
模式種
漢氏葉牙龍 Phyllodon henkeli
Thulborn, 1973

葉牙龍屬(屬名:Phyllodon)意為「葉狀的牙齒」,是種小型鳥臀目恐龍,化石發現於葡萄牙萊里亞區的Guimarota地層,生存年代為上侏儸紀啟莫里階

葉牙龍的化石只有牙齒與可能的部分下頜。葉牙龍的屬名Phyllodon也被一種現代苔蘚使用中,但因為兩個屬分別屬於不同的,不會造成使用上的問題。葉牙龍的親緣關係可能接近於同時代的北美洲恐龍。

歷史

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葉牙龍的模式標本(編號MGSP G5)是一個部份齒骨牙齒,發現於萊里亞市附近的褐煤礦層。Richard Thulborn敘述了葉牙龍,並加了一個前上頜骨牙齒(編號MGSP G2)。Thulborn認為葉牙龍屬於稜齒龍科,並且主要根據牙齒來推測、重建[1]。數年後,彼得·加爾東(Peter Galton)重新研究侏儸紀晚期的北美洲稜齒龍科恐龍,發現葉牙龍的牙齒與侏儒龍的牙齒最相符,並根據葉牙龍的下頜牙齒前後側並不對稱,來確定葉牙龍屬於稜齒龍科[2]

因為化石數量稀少,葉牙龍過去常被認為是基礎鳥腳下目恐龍的一個疑名,而且是分類不明屬[3][4]。然而,在原本地點新發現的化石可能屬於葉牙龍,包含超過120顆牙齒,以及四個部分下頜。奧利佛·勞赫(Oliver Rauhut)敘述了這些新化石,因為當地並沒有發現其他恐龍,所以暫時將牠們歸類於葉牙龍。這些牙齒非常小,寬約3公厘,可能來自於幼年體。他同時發現葉牙龍的獨有衍徵,包含非常高的下頜牙齒,顯示牠們為有效屬。勞赫拿這些牙齒與其他稜齒龍類比較,發現牠們與約同時代的北美洲莫里遜組德林克龍最為相符,許多特徵顯示牠們有接近親緣關係[5]。在2006年,加爾東也發現這些牙齒類似德林克龍與侏儒龍的牙齒[6]

古生物學

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身為稜齒龍類或是基礎鳥腳類恐龍,葉牙龍應該是二足、草食性恐龍。目前還沒有估計過葉牙龍的身長,但大部分稜齒龍類的成年個體身長為1到2公尺(3.3到6.6呎)[4],因此葉牙龍可能擁有類似大小的體型。葉牙龍與北美洲德林克龍侏儒龍的相似處,提供了晚侏儸紀時期,葡萄牙的恐龍生物群與莫里遜組之間的連結證據[7]

參考資料

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  1. ^ Thulborn, Richard A. Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal, with description of a hypsilophodontid (Phyllodon henkeli gen. et sp. nov.) from the Guimarota lignite.. Memória Serivoços Geológicos de Portugal (Nova Série). 1973, 22: 89–134. 
  2. ^ Galton, Peter M. The cranial anatomy of Dryosaurus, a hypsilophodontid dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of North America and East Africa, with a review of hypsilophodontids from the Upper Jurassic of North America. Geologica et Palaeontologica. 1983, 17: 207–243. 
  3. ^ Sues, Hans-Dieter; and Norman, David B. Hypsilophodontidae, Tenontosaurus, Dryosauridae. Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.) (编). The Dinosauria 1st. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1990: 498–509. ISBN 0-520-06727-4. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Norman, David B.; Sues, Hans-Dieter; Witmer, Larry M.; and Coria, Rodolfo A. Basal Ornithopoda. Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.) (编). The Dinosauria 2nd. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004: 393-412. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. 
  5. ^ Rauhut, Oliver W.M. Herbivorous dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Guimarota, Portugal. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 2001, 112: 275–283. 
  6. ^ Galton, Peter M. Teeth of ornithischian dinosaurs (mostly Ornithopoda) from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of the western United States. Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.) (编). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. 2006: 17–47. ISBN 0-253-34817-X. 
  7. ^ Mateus, Octávio. Late Jurassic dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation (USA), the Lourinhã and Alcobaça Formations (Portugal), and the Tendaguru Beds (Tanzania): a comparison. Foster, John R.; and Lucas, Spencer G. (eds.) (编). Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin (36). Albuquerque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 2006: 223–231. 

外部链接

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  • 恐龙.NET——中国古生物门户网站。
  • Phyllodon on Thescelosaurus!, under Ornithopoda i.s.
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叶牙龙
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