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萬花筒

萬花筒

萬花筒,一種光學玩具,將有鮮豔颜色的實物放於圓筒的一端,圓筒中間放置三棱镜,另一端用開孔的玻璃密封,由孔中看去即可觀測到對稱的圖像。1817年蘇格蘭科學家和發明家大衛·布魯斯特爵士發明萬花筒[1]

結構

萬花筒內的圖像

萬花筒是一個筒內放置三片鏡子,兩端密封,其中一端放有颜色的物體(如玻璃碎片),另一端開孔的圓柱

歷史

1815年大衛·布儒斯特爵士的工作主要從事光學和光譜研究[1],這導致萬花筒的發明,他正實驗光的偏振,但一開始它沒有申請專利。1817年布魯斯特以「Kaleidoscope」之名申請專利,開始有萬花筒專利。Kaleidoscope字源是希臘文来源于kalos,是美麗的意思[2],而eidos 是form 的意思,即觀看美麗的形狀。由當時著名的光學公司Philip Carpenter 承包萬花筒的製造。三個月内,伦敦巴黎一共售出 20 万个万花筒,但大部份的萬花筒都是盜版品,布魯斯特未获得应有的金钱回报。布魯斯特寫信給妻子說:“數以千計的窮人都靠製作和銷售萬花筒為生”。十九世纪,万花筒傳入中国,作为大清王朝达官贵人的珍藏。

現代萬花筒是由黃銅管、彩色玻璃、木材、鋼材、葫蘆或幾乎任何材質都可以使用。日本設計師山見浩司深入鑽研萬花筒,連續15年入選有「萬花筒奧斯卡」之稱的Brewster conventions,並兩度獲得美國全美民選獎

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Brewster, David. The Kaleidoscope: Its History, Theory, and Construction with its Application to the Fine and Useful Arts 2. J. Murray. 1858. 
  2. ^ καλός页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
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萬花筒
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