For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 菱堡.

菱堡

棱堡草圖
位於斯洛伐克科馬爾諾城堡的一座棱堡

稜堡(Bastion),是一種出現於16世紀中期至19世紀中期的火炮防禦陣地。完整的稜堡除了兩個前端凸出外,尚包含兩個側面保護帷幕牆並連接稜堡本體[1]。稜堡常被視作堡壘的一個重要組成部分。

歐洲史料中,「稜堡」一詞常用於專指自帷幕牆向外凸出的角形結構體,然而星形要塞也有被直呼為稜堡的紀錄[2]

歷史

[编辑]

中世紀城堡在新式火炮普及後,其不耐砲擊且防禦死角多的問題暴露出來。百年戰爭末期的攻城戰與君士坦丁堡的陷落等戰事,更使歐洲諸國認識到舊式城牆已不再能抵抗新型加農砲的攻勢。

於17世紀的八十年戰爭中,荷蘭工程師採用半月堡英语Ravelin的設計保護主城牆免受砲火直擊[3]。17世紀中葉,法國元帥沃邦改良了義大利星形要塞,這種新式的堡壘具有較矮的塔樓、更多的砲室、並由數座平直的牆面取代曲面牆,以上設計大幅強化了守軍面對大軍的防禦能力[3]

進入19世紀後,稜堡由於陸軍的機動性大為提升已然失去了以往的戰略價值。19世紀後歐洲各國普遍不再維護菱堡,因此稜堡留存至今者甚至少於傳統城堡。臺南億載金城為一座倖存至今的稜堡。

缺點

[编辑]

稜堡在為左右攻擊時可夾擊殲滅大部分敵軍,但用平行與主城牆攻擊法,在以之字形推進,即可到稜堡的突出尖端,其就是火力的死角,便可從此做出突破口,對城內進行攻擊。

另見

[编辑]

來源與註解

[编辑]
  1. ^ Whitelaw 1846p. 444
  2. ^ 但在某些文件[來源請求]中發現,星型要塞包含稜堡,並非整體叫做稜堡,所以星型要塞是否等於稜堡,不得而知。
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Hinds & Fitzgerald 1981.

參考資料

[编辑]
  • Whitelaw, A. (编), The popular encyclopedia; or, 'Conversations Lexicon' I, Glasgow,Edinburgh, and London: Blackie & Son, 1846 
  • Harris, John. Bastions (PDF). Fortress Study Group. [2 March 2012]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-14). 

外部連結

[编辑]
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
菱堡
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?