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A-135反弹道导弹系统

整套A-135的設計圖

A-135(又称ABM-3,Anti-Ballistic Missile)反弹道导弹系统,是前苏联俄罗斯部署在莫斯科附近区域的一套复合反彈道飛彈系统,设计目的是保护莫斯科及其附近区域免遭敌方洲际弹道导弹袭击,但不是全国性防御。

A-135於1989年宣布成軍,一共有7處發射基地,其中5處是新建造,兩處是由蘇聯第一代反彈道飛彈ABM-1(俄國編號A-35/A-35M)Galosh(橡皮套鞋)飛彈發射陣地改建。1995年初整套系統進入警戒狀態,開始運作。系統建成時一共部署100枚飛彈,符合反彈道飛彈條約中的規定,這些飛彈又分成兩類:36枚射程較遠的51T6攔截彈,北約編號SH-11 Gorgon(蛇髮女妖);與64枚射程較短的53T6攔截彈,北約編號SH-08 Gazelle(瞪羚)。

由於設計時技術條件的限制,這兩种飛彈的彈頭均為約10,000噸當量的AA-84型戰術熱核彈頭,從而不需要非常精確的制導即可摧毀來襲彈頭,這與當今流行的直接踫撞殺傷攔截彈頭有很大區別。但是根據一些公開新聞報導資料,53T6飛彈現在可能改爲使用傳統彈頭,而非過去的核子彈頭作為攔截的手段,以降低對於地面被保護目標的傷害;而51T6飛彈則已經過期退役。

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A-135反弹道导弹系统
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