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荊州 (九州).
荊州,是漢族傳統中的漢地九州[參 1]之一,地域相當於楚國版圖[參 2],即今日湖北湖南兩省全境及河南、江西、貴州、廣東、廣西五省部分地區,由荊山一帶直到南岳衡山以南[參 3]。荊州北接豫州,東邊揚州,南亦鄰揚州,西通梁州。
楚國是最早以荊州為核心的政權,故又稱為荊楚。前279年,荊州入秦。前202年,荊州屬漢朝,漢末由劉表统治,後由孫劉二家瓜分,荊州北部由曹操占有,219年,孫權吞併劉備的荊州部分。280年,晉滅吳之戰,九州重又置於同一個政權統治。四世紀時發生五胡亂華,荊州北部一度陷入胡人之手,進入五世紀初劉裕北伐時,荊州重歸晋朝,宋齊梁陳四朝也領有荊州,只是在北朝強勢下,荊州北部由北朝占有。589年,隋滅陳,漢族政權再度統一九州。
中日戰爭時,武漢會戰、隨棗會戰、三次長沙戰役、常德會戰等等均發生在荊州域內。至今荊州主要由湖北、湖南兩省所分據,江西、廣東、廣西、貴州等省份也領有部分荊州地區。
參:
- ^ 《武當山玄天上帝經》:「看閆浮四部州,花花世界。有名山合洞府,件件不同。南部州中華國,九州漢地。」...「爾時彌陀教主領定天佛牒文玉皇勑令老母丹書諸仙聖寶降臨凡世前到九州漢地無影山前」...「今有後天教主奉天佛遣差在下方九州漢地無影山前無為府三心堂演教要渡三會賢良」...
- ^ 《呂氏春秋·有始覽·有始》:「何謂九州?...南方為荊州,楚也...」
- ^ 《尚書·夏書·禹貢》:「荊及衡陽惟荊州。」《穀梁傳·僖公二十八年》:「水北為陽,山南為陽。」
- ^ 《晉書·地理志》
- ^ 《大明一統志》
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