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花蘭芷

花蘭芷J. L. Holmes,—1861年10月),美國美南浸信會傳教士,他是最早訪問太平天國天京的外國傳教士,之後發表文章批評洪秀全拜上帝會不是基督教,對上帝的概念比拜偶像還低級。[1][2]

花蘭芷在美國西維吉尼亞州普雷斯頓郡出生,1858年哥倫比亞文理學院英语Columbian College of Arts and Sciences喬治·華盛頓大學的前身)畢業。[3]他成為牧師後被美南浸信會派往中國傳教。他於1859年下半年與妻子一起抵達上海,接下來一年數度冒險前往太平軍佔領的蘇州松江南京[1]他於1860年8月7日到天京訪問洪仁玕洪秀全,他的結論是:「我感到遺憾。我發現根本沒有什麼基督教的原理在內,只是徒具基督教的虛名,並且加以濫用。」[2]北華捷報》於1860年9月1日刊出他訪問南京的報導。[1]1860年9月他搬到煙台繼續傳教,直到他去世。1861年10月6日,當太平軍快抵達煙台時,他與另一位美國聖公會Parker牧師騎馬迎上前去,從此無人見過他。他的屍體於15日被發現在離煙台三十英里處。[1]

他的中文著作有《訓兒真言》。[1]

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Alexander Wylie. Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese: Giving a List of Their Publications, and Obituary Notices of the Deceased. With Copious Indexes. American Presbyterian Mission Press. 1867年: 251–252 [2018-07-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-19). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 洪秀全評傳. 右灰文化傳播. 2017-02-24: 330–331. GGKEY:GULALD1XN46. 
  3. ^ William Cathcart. The Shantung Mission. The Baptist Encyclopedia. Volume 3. The Baptist Standard Bearer, Inc. 1881年: 1082. ISBN 978-1-57978-911-4. (原始内容存档于2018-01-21). 
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花蘭芷
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