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花崗閃長岩

来自法国Massif Central的花岗闪长岩样品
深成岩分类的QAPF分類圖表
火成岩的矿物组合
来自斯洛伐克的花岗闪长片的薄片显微照片(在交叉偏振光下)

花崗閃長岩或稱為花岡閃長岩,是一种中酸性深成岩,是花岡岩类向閃長岩类过渡的中间类型岩石,是一种深成岩,粗粒状,斜長石含量较多,碱性长石含量较少,二氧化矽含量在56%左右,石英含量在20%以上。伴生的主要矿物等。花岡閃長岩在地球上的分布很广,地壳中34%的火成岩是花岡閃長岩,它在所有大陆上都有分布。

描述和矿物内含

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花崗閃長岩的岩砾比较粗或者中等粗,大多为浅灰色至灰色。岩粒的排列没有规则和方向,但其中有时含有比较大的晶粒。

花崗閃長岩含有长石石英云母,其成分和花岗岩相似。与花岗岩不同的是它所含有的斜长石钾长石多。斜长石可能占总质量的65%以上。一般花崗閃長岩含有的镁铁质矿物也比花岗岩多。由于它含有的比较多,因此它处于花岗岩和閃長岩之间,这是它的名字的来源。

使用和来源

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花崗閃長岩的材料特征与花岗岩类似,並能以被多种方式加工或磨光。

从古代起花崗閃長岩就被使用作為建築原料;在罗马帝国时期它被作為昂贵的材料,开采自埃及。由于坚固的性質,至今天經常被用作地面、楼梯表面、建筑物的表面覆盖和街道地面的材料。花崗閃長岩是最轻的火成岩,並代表处大陆地壳各种岩石的组成。花崗閃長岩在世界各地都有分布。

普通大眾較難区分花崗閃長岩和花岗岩,因此在商業用途里花崗閃長岩往往被称为花岗岩。

参考资料

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外部链接

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花崗閃長岩
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