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芍药属

芍药属
化石时期:始新世至現代
牡丹 Paeonia × suffruticosa
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目: 虎耳草目 Saxifragales
科: 芍药科 Paeoniaceae
Raf., 1815
属: 芍药属 Paeonia
L., 1753
模式種
荷兰芍药
Paeonia officinalis
L., 1753
多样性
约40余种

芍藥屬学名Paeonia)是芍药科Paeoniaceae)的唯一,属真双子叶植物虎耳草目,含约40余,廣泛分布于地球的北温带,大部产亚洲,也有小部分种类分布在欧洲南部和北美洲西部,是一種非常常見的觀賞性植物。

本属植物的系统发育具有一系列的独特性,为灌木或具根状茎的多年生草本互生,为二回三出复叶,无托叶。大,常单独顶生,两性,辐射对称,有清香,颜色多样;果实蓇葖果约0.5–1.5高,但灌木种类有的可高达1.5–3米。

主要观赏花卉牡丹,其可作中药之用,称为“牡丹皮”,其花瓣可作月餅、醋、豆沙之原料,目前中国有12种,各种类的培植变种繁多。

分類

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一朵芍药细节

芍药属原属毛茛科(Ranunculaceae),后独立为芍药科(Paeoniaceae)[1]

根據生物學的分類,芍藥屬可以包括以下種類:

西伯利亚芍药

芍药组 Sect. Paeonia

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  • 均为草本,约30余种
  • Paeonia abchasica
  • 窄叶芍药 Paeonia anomala
    • 川赤芍 Paeonia anomala subsp. veitchii (Lynch) D. Y. Hong & K. Y. Pan,2001
  • Paeonia bakeri
  • Paeonia broteri
  • Paeonia cambessedesii
  • Paeonia caucasica
  • Paeonia clusii
  • Paeonia coriacea
  • Paeonia daurica
  • 多花芍药 Paeonia emodi 喜马牡丹
  • Paeonia hirsuta
  • 块根芍药 Paeonia intermedia
  • 山芍药 Paeonia japonica (异名:Paeonia obovata )
  • Paeonia kesrouanensis
  • 芍药 Paeonia lactiflora
  • Paeonia macrophylla
  • 美丽芍药 Paeonia mairei
  • Paeonia mascula
  • Paeonia mlokosewitschii
  • Paeonia morisii Cesca, Bernardo & N.G.Passal., 2001[2],为Paeonia corsica Sieber ex Tausch的异名
  • 草芍药 Paeonia obovata Maxim., 1859
  • 荷兰芍药 Paeonia officinalis L., 1753
  • Paeonia parnassica Tzanoud., 1977
  • Paeonia peregrina Ten.,为 Paeonia officinalis L.的异名
  • Paeonia rhodia F.C.Stearn, 1941, 为Paeonia clusii subsp. rhodia (Stearn) Tzanoud.的异名
  • 新疆芍药 Paeonia sinjiangensis
  • 白花芍药 Paeonia sterniana
  • Paeonia steveniana
  • Paeonia tenuifolia
  • Paeonia tomentosa
  • 川赤芍 Paeonia veitchii
  • 川鄂芍药 Paeonia wittmanniana

北美芍药组 Sect. Onaepia

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  • 均为草本,2种
  • Paeonia brownii
  • Paeonia californica

牡丹组 Sect. Moutan

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  • 均为木本。

參考文獻

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  1. ^ Savolainen, Vincent; Chase, Mark W.; Hoot, Sara B.; Morton, Cynthia M.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Bayer, Clemens; Fay, Michael F.; De Bruijn, Anette Y.; Sullivan, Stuart; Qiu, Yin-Long. Phylogenetics of Flowering Plants Based on Combined Analysis of Plastid atpB and rbcL Gene Sequences. Systematic Biology. 2000-06, 49 (2): 306–362. PMID 12118410. doi:10.1093/sysbio/49.2.306. 
  2. ^ G. Cesca , L. Bernardo & N. G. Passalacqua (2001) Paeonia morisii sp. nov. (Paeoniaceae), a new species from Sardinia, Webbia, 56:2, 229-240, DOI: 10.1080/00837792.2001.10670716

參見

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外部連結

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芍药属
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