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艾听豪森效应.
爱廷豪森效应(英语:Ettingshausen effect)[1]有如下两个:
- 一个为由于热电转换产生爱廷豪森-能斯特效应;
- 另一个为由于电热转换产生的能斯特-爱廷豪森效应。
这两个效应是由德国物理学家爱廷豪森和他的博士学生能斯特于1886年在研究霍尔效应时发现的。
- 爱廷豪森-能斯特效应:有温度梯度的金属或半导体,在垂直温度梯度方向加磁场时;则在与磁场和温度梯度所形成的平面垂直的方向产生电流。
- 这是由于温度梯度使温度高的一端的电荷载体的运动速度高,要向低的方向迁移;但受到磁场的络伦兹力作用而形成的电流。
- 能斯特-爱廷豪森效应:通有电流的金属或半导体,受到垂直电流方向磁场作用时,则在垂直于磁场和电流所形成的平面方向出现温度梯度。
- 这是由于电荷载体在磁场中运动,受到磁场洛伦兹力的作用,使部份电荷载体向垂直电流和磁场平面方向运动,冲击点阵发热而造成的温度梯度。
- ^ V.Ettingshausen,A;Nernst,W.(1886).Annalen der Physik und Chemie 265(10):343-347.
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