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自由對象

數學中,自由對象抽象代數中的基本概念。就其通於各種代數結構(帶有限操作)而言,它也屬泛代數的一支,例子包括自由群張量代數與自由格。在範疇論的框架下,可以將自由對象推廣為自由函子,這是遺忘函子的左伴隨函子

自由函子

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範疇論為自由對象提供了普遍框架。考慮一種代數結構(如等等)的範疇。其上具有一個遺忘函子,此函子將一個對象映至其下的集合;換言之,此函子「遺忘」所有代數操作。

有左伴隨函子,則稱之為自由函子可以設想為由集合生成的自由對象,此時也有映射(在此濫用了符號:其實是個代數結構,而卻是集合),此映射可理解為從生成元到自由對象的包含映射。

對於更一般的遺忘函子,也能考慮相應的自由函子,例如從-向量空間映至其張量代數的函子,便是從-代數映至-向量空間的遺忘函子之左伴隨函子。在此意義下,張量代數有時也稱為自由代數。

例子

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自由對象
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