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普朗特-迈耶膨胀扇

普朗特-迈耶膨胀扇

普朗特-迈耶膨胀扇(英語:Prandtl–Meyer expansion fan)是指超音速流绕外凸转角时所形成的膨胀扇。膨胀扇由无穷多条从尖锐转角发散、角度逐渐偏转的马赫波组成。而当转角为光滑圆角时,这一系列马赫波则反向交汇于一点。物理上,绕凸角的超音速流不可能仅穿过一条“激波”,因为那样会违背热力学第二定律。当流动穿过膨胀扇时,流速与马赫数增加,静压、温度密度则减小。由于该过程为等熵过程滞止性质则保持不变。

流动性质

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膨胀扇由无穷多条马赫线组成,其中第一条马赫线与入流方向的夹角为,最后一条马赫线与出流方向的夹角则为。由于马赫线之间的夹角很小、流动转过的角度也很小,故整个过程为等熵过程。由此可以简化流动性质的计算。对等熵过程而言,滞止压强)、滞止温度()、滞止密度()等滞止性质为常数,因而出流性质为出流马赫数()与入流性质的函数:

出流马赫数()与入流马赫数()及转角()之间的关系则为

其中普朗特-迈耶函数

参考文献

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普朗特-迈耶膨胀扇
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