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腦電圖

脑电图示例

腦電圖腦波圖(英語:Electroencephalography, EEG)是一種記錄腦電波電生理監測方法。具體做法為放置電極頭皮處來記錄神经元离子电流英语Ion current产生的电压波动,所测量的是众多锥体细胞兴奋时的突触后电位的同步总和[1]。主要用于辅助诊断脑部相关疾病,但因为其易受干扰,故临床上通常要结合其他手段来斷症。

脑电图最常用于诊断癫痫,因为癫痫会导致脑电图读数異常[2]。它還可以用于诊断睡眠障碍、麻醉深度、昏迷、脑血管疾病和脑死亡。它亦曾經是诊断肿瘤中风和其他局灶性脑部疾病的第一线方法[3],但这种使用已经随着高分辨率解剖成像技术(例如核磁共振(MRI)和電腦断层扫描(CT))的出现而减少。雖然腦電圖的空间分辨率有限,但它能提供精確至毫秒時間分辨率英语Temporal resolution,這是MRI、CT和PET所不能做到的。因此,腦電圖仍然是用于研究和诊断的宝贵工具。

腦波種類

脑电图记录的设置
腦波種類 頻率 人體狀態
Delta(δ) 0.5~4 Hz 深度睡眠且沒有做夢時
Theta(θ) 4~7Hz 有困意或自我抑制时
Alpha(α) 8~12Hz 放鬆、平靜、閉眼但清醒時
Beta(β) Low Range 12.5 ~ 16 Hz 放鬆但精神集中
Middle Range 16.5 ~ 20 Hz 思考、處理接收到外界訊息(聽到或想到)
High Range 20.5 ~ 28 Hz 激動、焦慮
Gamma(γ) 25 ~ 100 Hz(通常在40Hz) 提高意識、減輕壓力、冥想
Lambda(λ) 誘發電位 眼睛受光刺激時100ms後誘發(又稱作P100)
P300 誘發電位 看到或聽到腦中想像的東西時300ms後誘發

相關

参考资料

  1. ^ Niedermeyer E. and da Silva F.L. Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and Related Fields. Lippincot Williams & Wilkins. 2004. ISBN 0-7817-5126-8. [页码请求]
  2. ^ Atlas of EEG & Seizure Semiology. B. Abou-Khalil; Musilus, K.E.; Elsevier, 2006.[页码请求]
  3. ^ EEG. [2015-09-10]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-05). 
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腦電圖
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