腎臟移植
| Kidney Transplantation | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 專科 | 腎臟科、transplantology |
腎臟移植又稱肾移植，是指人們把健康的肾脏移植到慢性肾脏病患者身上。人們在生前或去世後都可以捐献肾脏。
在接受肾移植之前，患者必须接受的医学评估，以确保他们的健康状况足以接受移植手术。[1]一旦他们的身體條件可以進行手術，他们在有腎臟供應時就可以進行手術；在美国，病人平均等待手術的时间为三到五年。[2][1]
接受肾移植的患者通常比一直透析的患者寿命更长，生活质量可能更高。[1]然而患者進行肾移植後必须终生服用免疫抑制劑（抑制免疫系统的药物），以阻止他们新的肾脏被自己的身體排斥。[1]这种长期服用免疫抑制會使他们面临更高的感染和罹患癌症的风险。[3][3][3]
2018年，全球估计进行了95,479起肾移植手術，其中36%来自活体捐献者。[4]1954年，约瑟夫·默里进行了第一次成功的肾移植手術，默里也因其在器官移植方面的工作而于1990年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。[5]
参考文献
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 20 Common Kidney Transplant Questions and Answers. National Kidney Foundation. 26 January 2017 [23 March 2021]. （原始内容存档于21 March 2021）.
- ^ The Kidney Transplant Waitlist – What You Need to Know. National Kidney Foundation. 10 February 2017 [26 March 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-28）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients by General Nephrologists: Core Curriculum 2019. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. June 2019, 73 (6): 866–879. PMID 30981567. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.031.
- ^ International Report on Organ Donation And Transplantation Activities: Executive Summary 2018 (PDF). Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation. ONT/WHO. October 2020 [24 March 2021]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于21 March 2021）.
- ^ Historical Perspectives in Kidney Transplantation: An Updated Review. Progress in Transplantation. March 2015, 25 (1): 64–69. PMID 25758803. doi:10.7182/pit2015789.
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