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脊兽

颐和园排云殿上的垂兽戗兽仙人走兽套兽

脊兽中国古代建筑屋顶屋脊上所安放的兽件,日本朝鮮半島一些傳統建築上也可以見到。其中正脊上安放吻兽望兽垂脊上安放垂兽戗脊上安放戗兽,另在屋脊边缘处安放仙人走兽

脊兽起源于唐代的鸱尾兽面瓦和翘头筒瓦(脊头三翘),鸱尾在盛唐时期演变出吻兽,兽面瓦在五代以后立体化为垂兽、戗兽,翘头筒瓦演变为蹲兽(仙人走兽)。

脊兽由瓦制成,高级建筑多用琉璃瓦,其功能最初是为了保护木栓和铁钉,防止漏水和生锈,对脊的连接部起固定和支撑作用。后来脊兽发展出了装饰功能,并有严格的等级意义,不同等级的建筑所安放的脊兽数量和形式都有严格限制。[1]

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脊兽
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