For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 胡椒属.

胡椒属

胡椒属
P. magnificum
科学分类 编辑
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 木兰类植物 Magnoliids
目： 胡椒目 Piperales
科： 胡椒科 Piperaceae
属： 胡椒属 Piper
L., 1754
种

1000–2000

異名
  • Anderssoniopiper Trel.
  • Arctottonia Trel.
  • Artanthe Miq.
  • Chavica Miq.
  • Discipiper Trel. & Stehlé
  • Lepianthes Raf.
  • Lindeniopiper Trel.
  • Macropiper Miq.
  • Ottonia Spreng.
  • Pleiostachyopiper Trel.
  • Pleistachyopiper Trel.
  • Pothomorphe Miq.
  • Trianaeopiper Trel.

胡椒属植物在经济和生态方面都很重要，包括大约有1,000-2,000余种，有草本、灌木、藤本甚至是小乔木，胡椒科植物既不属于双子叶植物也不属于单子叶植物，和三白草科亲源关系较近，在胡椒科内，胡椒属和草胡椒属的亲源关系较近。

胡椒属植物分布在世界各地的热带地区，多数品种生长在热带雨林中，也有少数品种可以生长在比较开阔地带或亚热带地区。

部分胡椒属藤本品种在温暖地区可以作为园艺品种，但胡椒属的主要用途还是作为香料和蔬菜，人类最早在大约9,000年前就已经知道应用胡椒作为食品香料，主要用黑胡椒（Piper nigrum），此外像墨西哥叶胡椒（Piper auritum）、荜澄茄（Piper cubeba）、长胡椒（Piper longum）、西非胡椒（Piper guineen）也常被应用。越南的罗洛胡椒（Piper lolot）以及东南亚的假蒟（Piper sarmentosum）叶子都是当地的蔬菜。胡椒属许多品种还被许多地方作为当地的草药使用。

黑胡椒种子，从左到右:
绿色盐渍的熟种子
白色干燥的熟种子
黑色干燥的未熟种子
长果胡椒
Piper grandifolium
长胡椒 (Piper longum)
黑胡椒 (Piper nigrum)
假荜拔

主要品种

[编辑]

胡椒属植物在美洲有约700种，在东南亚有300余种，在南太平洋有40多种，在非洲有约15种。[1]

  • 蘭嶼風藤 Piper arborescens
  • Piper achupallasense
  • Piper aduncum
  • Piper aequilaterum C.DC.
  • Piper alwynii M. A. Jaram., 2023[2]
  • Piper amalgo
  • Piper angamarcanum
  • 兰屿胡椒 Piper arborescens Roxb.
  • 西藏胡椒 Piper arunachalense Gajurel, Rethy & Y. Kumar
  • 卵叶胡椒 Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq.
  • 墨西哥胡椒叶 Piper auritum
  • 华南胡椒 Piper austrosinense Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper azuaiense
  • Piper baezanum
  • Piper baezense
  • Piper begoniiforme
  • 蒌叶 Piper betle L.
  • 苎叶蒟 Piper boehmeriaefolium (Miq.) C. DC.
    • 光轴苎叶蒟 Piper boehmeriaefolium var. tonkinense C. DC.
  • 复毛胡椒 Piper bonii C. DC.
    • 大叶复毛胡椒 Piper bonii var. macrophyllum Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper borneense
  • Piper brachipilum
  • Piper brachystylum
  • Piper bullatifolium
  • Piper caldense C.DC.
  • Piper callejasii W. Trujillo & M. A. Jaram.[3]
  • Piper campii
  • Piper caninum , SE Asia to Australia, Common pepper, Native pepper in Australia.
  • Piper candollei
  • 华山蒌 Piper cathayanum M. G. Gilbert & N. H. Xia
  • Piper cenocladum – "ant piper"
  • 长果胡椒 Piper chaba
  • 勐海胡椒 Piper chaudocanum C. DC.
  • Piper chimborazoense
  • Piper chimonanthifolium Kunth
  • 中华胡椒 Piper chinense Miq.
  • Piper clathratum
  • Piper claussenianum
  • Piper coeloneurum
  • Piper cordulatum
  • 荜澄茄 Piper cubeba
  • Piper cutucuense
  • 大苗山胡椒 Piper damiaoshanense Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper darienense – duermeboca (巴拿马), kana (Kuna)
  • Piper decurrens
  • Piper densiciliatum
  • Piper diffundum
  • Piper disparipilum
  • Piper distigmatum
  • Piper dodsonii
  • Piper entradense
  • Piper eriocladum
  • Piper eustylum
  • Piper fallenii
  • 琉球胡椒 Piper ferriei C. DC.
  • Piper fimbriulatum
  • 黄花胡椒 Piper flaviflorum C. DC.
  • Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth
  • Piper glabratum Kunth
  • Piper grandifolium
  • Piper gualeanum
  • Piper guayasanum
  • 西非胡椒 Piper guineense
  • 海南蒟 Piper hainanense Hemsl.
  • 山蒟 Piper hancei Maxim.
  • 哈曼氏胡椒 Piper harmandii C. DC.
  • Piper hillianum C.DC.
  • Piper hispidinervum
  • 河池胡椒 Piper hochiense Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper huigranum
  • Piper hydrolapathum
  • Piper hylebates
  • Piper hylophilum
  • Piper imperiale
  • 沉果胡椒 Piper infossum Y. Q. Tseng
  • 疏果胡椒 Piper interruptum Opiz
  • 尖峰岭胡椒 Piper jianfenglingense C.Y. Hao & Y.H. Tan[4]
  • 风藤 Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi
  • 恆春風藤 Piper kawakamii Hayata
  • Piper kerrii Suwanph. and Y.Banchong, 2023[5]
  • Piper kurzii Ridl.[5]
  • 绿岛胡椒 Piper kwashoense Hayata
  • 大叶蒟 Piper laetispicum C. DC.[5]
  • Piper lanatum Roxb.[5]
  • Piper laevigatum Kunth, 1815
  • Piper leptostachyum Wall. ex Miq.[5]
  • Piper lhotzkyanum Kunth
  • Piper lineatipilosum Yunck., 1959
  • 陵水胡椒 Piper lingshuiense Y. C. Tseng
  • 罗洛胡椒 Piper lolot C.DC., 1898
  • Piper lonchites Roem. & Schult.[5]
  • Piper longicaudatum
  • 蓽拔 Piper longum L.，长胡椒
  • Piper lucigaudens
  • Piper macrophyllum
  • 粗梗胡椒 Piper macropodum C. DC.
  • 麻根 Piper magen B. Q. Cheng ex C. L. Long & Jun Yang[6]
  • Piper magnificum – Lacquered Pepper
  • Piper malacophyllum (C.Presl) C.DC.
  • Piper manabinum
  • Piper marginatum
  • Piper mekongense
  • Piper mendezense
  • Piper mestonii
  • Piper metallicum Hallier f., 1896
  • 卡瓦胡椒 Piper methysticum Roxb.，为Piper majusculum Blume的异名
  • Piper mexiae (Trel.) Trel. & Yunck., 1950
  • 柄果胡椒 Piper mischocarpum Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper molliusculum Sodiro, 1900
  • 墨脱胡椒 Piper motuoense X.W.Qin, F.Su & C.Y.Hao, 2024[7]
  • 短蒟 Piper mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
  • 变叶胡椒 Piper mutabile C. DC.
  • Piper nanegalense
  • Piper napo-pastazanum
  • Piper nebuligaudens
  • 黑胡椒 Piper nigrum L.，胡椒
  • Piper novae-hollandiae Giant Pepper Vine - 澳大利亚
  • 裸果胡椒 Piper nudibaccatum Y. Q. Tseng
  • 彩脉胡椒 Piper ornatum N.E.Br., 1884
  • Piper pachyphyllum – Mahalatsaka
  • 角果胡椒 Piper pedicellatum C. DC.
  • Piper peepuloides Roxb.[5]
  • Piper peltatum L., 1753
  • Piper permucronatum Yunck.
  • Piper perstrigosum Yunck., 1955
  • Piper phangngaense Suwanph. and Hodk., 2023[5]
  • 台东胡椒 Piper philippinum Miq.
  • 屏边胡椒 Piper pingbienense Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper platylobum
  • 线梗胡椒 Piper pleiocarpum C. C. Chang ex Y. C. Tseng
  • 樟叶胡椒 Piper polysyphonum C. DC.
  • 肉轴胡椒 Piper ponesheense C. DC.
  • Piper porphyrophyllum
  • Piper poscitum
  • Piper prietoi
  • Piper productispicum
  • Piper pseudonigrum
  • Piper pseudopothifolium C.DC.
  • 毛叶胡椒 Piper puberulilimbum C. DC.
  • 岩椒 Piper pubicatulum C. DC.
  • Piper puyoense
  • Piper quinchasense M. A. Jaram.[8]
  • Piper regale
  • 假荜拔 Piper retrofractum Vahl
  • Piper richardiifolium Kunth
  • Piper rugocarpum Y.Banchong and Suwanph., 2023[5]
  • Piper rostratum Roxb.[5]
  • Piper rubronodosum
  • Piper rubrovenosum
  • 红果胡椒 Piper rubrum C. DC.
  • 西贡胡椒 Piper saigonense
  • Piper saloyanum
  • Piper san-miguelense
  • 假蒟 Piper sarmentosum Roxb.
  • 斜叶蒟 Piper senporeiense Yamam.
  • Piper schuppii
  • 塞舌尔胡椒 Piper seychellarum
  • Piper skutchii
  • Piper smitinandianum Suwanph. & Chantar. [5]
  • Piper sodiroi
  • 短柄胡椒 Piper stipitiforme C. C. Chang ex Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper stipulosum
  • Piper subaduncum
  • 多脉胡椒 Piper submultinerve C. DC.
    • 狭叶多脉胡椒 Piper submultinerve var. nandanicum Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper subnitidifolium
  • 缘毛胡椒 Piper semiimmersum C. DC.
  • 半透明胡椒 Piper semi-transparens C.Y. Hao & Y.H. Tan[9]
  • 滇西胡椒 Piper suipigua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
  • Piper supernum
  • 银叶胡椒 Piper sylvaticum Roxb., 长柄胡椒
  • 台湾胡椒 Piper taiwanense T. T. Lin & S. Y. Lu
  • Piper tectonifolium Kunth
  • 球穗胡椒 Piper thomsonii (C. DC.) Hook. f.
    • 小叶球穗胡椒 Piper thomsonii var. microphyllum Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper trachyphyllum
  • Piper translucens Yunck.
  • Piper triandrum F.Muell.
  • 三色胡椒 Piper tricolor Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper trioicum
  • Piper truman-yunckeri
  • Piper truncatum Vell.
  • 瑞丽胡椒 Piper tsengianum M. G. Gilbert & N. H. Xia
  • 粗穗胡椒 Piper tsangyuanense P. S. Chen & P. C. Zhu
  • 大胡椒 Piper umbellatum L.
  • Piper unguiculatum
  • Piper valladolidense
  • Piper verrucosum
  • 石南藤 Piper wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz.
  • Piper warakahoura
  • Piper wibomii
  • Piper wightii
  • 盈江胡椒 Piper yinkiangense Y. C. Tseng
  • 蒟子 Piper yunnanense Y. C. Tseng
  • Piper zarumanum

注释

[编辑]
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：胡椒属
  1. ^ Jaramillo, M. Alejandra, Phylogeny and Patterns of Floral Diversity in the Genus Piper (Piperaceae), American Journal of Botany, 2001, 88: 706 [2010-01-29], PMID 11302858, doi:10.2307/2657072, （原始内容存档于2010-06-30） 
  2. ^ M. Alejandra Jaramillo. 2023. Piper alwynii (Piperaceae), A New Species from the Cordillera del Cóndor at the Border of Peru and Ecuador. Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. DOI: 10.3417/2023862
  3. ^ William Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo Trujillo and M. Alejandra Jaramillo. 2021. Piper callejasii (Piperaceae), A New Species from the Eastern Slopes of the Andes, Northern South America. Novon. 29: 200–205. DOI: 10.3417/2021659
  4. ^ Chao-Yun Hao, Xiao-Wei Qin, Le-He Tan, Li-Song Hu, Gang Wu, Shui-Xing Luo, Hai-Yan Deng and Yun-Hong Tan. 2017. Piper jianfenglingense, A New Species of Piperaceae from Hainan Island, China. Phytotaxa. 331(1); 109–116. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.331.1.9
  5. ^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 Chalermpol Suwanphakdee, David A. Simpson, Trevor R. Hodkinson and Pranom Chantaranothai. 2020. A Synopsis of Thai Piper (Piperaceae). Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 48(2), 145-183. DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2020.48.2.08 引用错误：带有name属性“Suwanphakdee”的<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次
  6. ^ 麻根——珍稀民族香料植物新种. NSII. [2023-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-18）. 
  7. ^ Fan Su, Xiao-Wei Qin, Rui Fan, Lin Yan, Xun-Zhi Ji and Chao-Yun Hao. 2024. Piper motuoense, A New Species of Piperaceae from Xizang, China. PhytoKeys. 238: 85-94. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.115494
  8. ^ M. Alejandra Jaramillo, Dayro Rodríguez-Duque and Magda Escobar-Alba. 2023. A New Species of Piper (Piperaceae) with peltate leaves from Serranía de las Quinchas, Colombia. PhytoKeys. 227: 9-24. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.227.101405
  9. ^ Chao-Yun Hao, Bao-Duo Wu, Xiao-Wei Qin, Gang Wu, Hai-Yan Deng and Yun-Hong Tan. 2020. Morphological and Molecular Evidence for A New Species from China: Piper semi-transparens (Piperaceae). Phytotaxa. 429(3); 191–199. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.429.3.1

外部链接

[编辑]

参考文献

[编辑]
  • Dyer, L.A. & Palmer, A.N. (2004): Piper: A model genus for studies of evolution, chemical ecology, and trophic interactions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. ISBN 0-306-48498-6
  • Ecocyber (2008): Tropical Root Crops. Retrieved 2008-JUL-15.
  • Gorman, Chester F. (1969): Hoabinhian: A pebble tool complex with early plant associations in Southeast Asia. Science 163(3868): 671-673. doi:10.1126/science.163.3868.671 (HTML abstract)
  • Gorman, Chester F. (1971): The Hoabinhian and After: Subsistence Patterns in Southeast Asia during the Late Pleistocene and Early Recent Periods. World Archaeology 2(3): 300-320. HTML abstract and first page image
  • International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (2007): 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. IUCN, Gland.
  • Lim, S.T.; Dragull, K.; Tang, C.S.; Bittenbender, H.C.; Efird, J.T. & Nerurkar P.V. (2007): Effects of Kava Alkaloid, Pipermethystine, and Kavalactones on Oxidative Stress and Cytochrome P450 in F-344 Rats. Toxicological Science 97(1): 214-221. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm035 PMID 17329236 PDF fulltext
  • Parkinson, John (1640): Theatrum Botanicum: the Theater of Plants, etc. T. Cotes, London.
  • Solomon, Charmaine (1998): Cha Plu. In: Encyclopedia of Asian Food. Periplus Editions. HTML fulltext （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • Sorrentin, L.; Capasso, A. & Schmidt, M. (2006): Safety of ethanolic kava extract: Results of a study of chronic toxicity in rats. Phytomedicine 13(8): 542-549. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2006.01.006 PMID 16904878 (HTML abstract)
分類單元識別碼
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by contributors (read/edit).
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license. Cover photo is available under {{::mainImage.info.license.name || 'Unknown'}} license. Credit: (see original file).
胡椒属
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

✕
This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?