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肩難產

Shoulder dystocia
肩難產可以在恥骨上施壓
症状嬰兒頭部退回到陰道[1]
併發症嬰兒臂神經叢損傷英语Brachial plexus injury鎖骨骨折[2]
產婦:阴道撕裂或會陰撕裂英语Perineal tear產後出血[3]
风险因素妊娠糖尿病、先前曾發生過肩難產、手術陰道分娩、產婦本身肥胖胎兒尺寸過大、與硬脊膜外麻醉[2]
診斷方法嬰兒的頭產出後一分鐘內肩膀無法產出[2]
治療將產婦腿向外及向上推、在恥骨上方對腹部加壓、徒手旋轉嬰兒的肩膀,讓產婦使用四肢手法英语All fours[3][2]
患病率佔陰道分娩的1%[2]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科產科學
ICD-11JB06.0
ICD-10O66.0
DiseasesDB12036
eMedicine1602970
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肩難產(英語:Shoulder dystocia),係指產婦分娩時,嬰兒頭部已伸出來,但前卻卡在產婦的恥骨弓之情形[3][1],嬰兒的頭部縮回陰道,就像烏龜一樣,稱之為「烏龜徵」(turtle sign)[1]。肩難產的併發症包含臂神經叢損傷英语Brachial plexus injury鎖骨骨折[2][1];產婦的併發症則有陰道撕裂、會陰撕裂英语Perineal tear產後出血子宮破裂英语Uterine rupture[3][1]

肩難產的危險因子包括妊娠糖尿病、先前曾發生過肩難產或手術陰道分娩、產婦本身肥胖胎兒尺寸過大、與硬脊膜外麻醉[2]。嬰兒的頭產出後一分鐘內肩膀無法產出,可診斷為肩難產[2]。肩難產屬於難產的一種[4]

肩難產為產科急症[3]。對於採仰臥姿勢的產婦,一開始可以嘗試將腿向外及向上推、在恥骨上方對腹部加壓、以及會陰切開術[3],以解除嬰兒肩膀的桎梏。如果以上的努力無效,可能會嘗試以徒手旋轉嬰兒的肩膀或嘗試使用四肢手法英语All fours[3][2]。肩難產的發生率約占所有陰道分娩的0.4%到1.4%[2]。肩難產導致死亡的案例非常少見[1]

參考資料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Gherman, Robert B.; Gonik, Bernard. Shoulder Dystocia. The Global Library of Women's Medicine. 2009. doi:10.3843/GLOWM.10137. 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Dahlke, JD; Bhalwal, A; Chauhan, SP. Obstetric Emergencies: Shoulder Dystocia and Postpartum Hemorrhage.. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America. June 2017, 44 (2): 231–243. PMID 28499533. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2017.02.003. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Shoulder dystocia (PDF). Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2013 [3 October 2018]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-24). 
  4. ^ Buck, Carol J. 2017 ICD-10-CM Standard Edition - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016: 108 [2019-05-12]. ISBN 9780323484572. (原始内容存档于2021-04-30) (英语). 

外部連結

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肩難產
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