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耶稣研究会

耶稣研究会Jesus Seminar)是一以聖經批判為基礎的非宗教性學術研究团体,是一個由二百位学者[1]在1985年组成,由已故的羅伯特·芬克約翰·克羅森 两位圣经学者创立,由Westar Institute[2] 赞助。

耶稣研究会的研究與一般基督教信仰大不相同,他们否認聖經中超自然的論述。用史实的方法去决定耶稣可能或不可能说过或作过的事情。该研究团体发表研究成果,例如他们认为新约对於耶稣敍述的绝大部份都是不真实的、虚假的,馬利亞因聖靈感孕生子的故事更可能是抄袭其他宗教的,与之同时,研究会更提倡对耶稣的史实性研究。研究会每两年都有一次会议,民众也可参加。

在創始人羅伯特於2005年去世後,耶穌研究會雖然沒有正式解散,但在2006年後就停止了活動。

耶稣研究会的会员

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  • Robert W. Funk, Ph.D.
  • John Dominic Crossan,(約翰‧克羅森) Ph.D.
  • Andries G. van Aarde, D.D.
  • Valerie A. Abrahamsen, Th. D.
  • Martin L. Appelt
  • Karen Armstrong
  • Richard L. Arthur, Th.D.
  • Harold W. Attridge, Ph.D.
  • Robert Bater, Ph.D.
  • William Beardslee, Ph.D.
  • Joseph Bessler-Northcutt, Ph. D.
  • Edward F. Beutner, Ph.D.
  • Sterling Bjorndahl, Ph.D.
  • Anthony Blasi, Ph.D., Th.D.
  • Marcus Borg, D.Phil.
  • Willi Braun, Ph.D.
  • James R. Butts, Ph.D.
  • Marvin F. Cain, Ph.D.
  • Ron Cameron, Ph.D.
  • Bruce D. Chilton, Ph.D.
  • Kathleen E. Corley, Ph.D.
  • Wendy J. Cotter C.S.J., Ph.D.
  • Don Cupitt
  • Jon Daniels, Ph.D.
  • Jean Jacques D'Aoust
  • Stevan L. Davies, Ph.D.
  • Jon F. Dechow, Ph.D.
  • Arthur J. Dewey, Th.D.
  • Joanna Dewey, Ph.D.
  • John Dillenberger, Ph.D.
  • William Doty
  • Darrell J. Doughty
  • Dennis C. Duling, Ph.D.
  • Susan M. Elliott, Ph.D.
  • Robert T. Fortna, Ph.D.
  • Robert M. Fowler
  • David Galston
  • James Goss, Ph.D.
  • Heinz Guenther, Th.D.
  • Sakari Hakkinen
  • Maurice Hamington, Ph.D.
  • Walter Harrelson, Th.D.
  • Stephen L Harris, Ph.D.
  • Charles W. Hedrick, Ph.D.
  • James D. Hester, D.Theol.
  • C.M. Kempton Hewitt, Ph.D.
  • Jack A. Hill, Ph.D.
  • Julian V. Hills, Th.D.
  • Richard Holloway, D.D., D.Litt.
  • Roy W. Hoover, Th.D.
  • Benjamin J. Hubbard
  • Michael L. Humphries, Ph.D.
  • Margaret D. Hutaff
  • Glenna S. Jackson, Ph.D.
  • Arland D. Jacobson, Ph.D.
  • Clayton N. Jefford, Th.M, Ph.D.
  • Gregory C. Jenks, Ph.D.
  • Bob Jones
  • F. Stanley Jones, D.Theol, Ph.D.
  • Larry Kalajainen, Ph.D.
  • Perry Kea, Ph.D.
  • John C. Kelly
  • William Doane Kelly, Ph.D.
  • Chan-Hie Kim, Ph.D.
  • Karen L. King, Ph.D.
  • John S. Kloppenborg, Ph.D.
  • Ron Large
  • Paul Alan Laughlin, Ph.D.
  • Nigel Leaves, Ph.D.
  • Lloyd Geering, D.D.
  • Davidson Loehr, Ph.D.
  • Sanford Lowe, D.Min, D.D.
  • John Lown, Ph.D.
  • Gerd Luedemann, D.Theol., D. Habil.
  • Dennis R. MacDonald, Ph.D.
  • Burton L. Mack, Ph.D.
  • Loren Mack-Fisher, Ph.D.
  • Francis Macnab, Ph.D. , D.D., D.Sc.
  • Shelley Matthews, Th.D.
  • Brian Rice McCarthy
  • Lane C. McGaughy, Ph.D.
  • Robin B. McGonigle, Dr. M
  • Edward J. McMahon II, Ph.D.
  • Daniel Marguerat
  • Marvin W. Meyer, Ph.D.
  • Darren Middleton
  • J. Ramsey Michaels, Th.M., Ph.D.
  • William R. Millar
  • L. Bruce Miller, Ph.D.
  • Robert J. Miller, Ph.D.
  • Robert L'H Miller, Th.D.
  • Milton Moreland
  • Winsome Munro, Ed.D.
  • Culver H. Nelson, D.D., D.D.
  • Rob Parrott, Ph.D.
  • Stephen J. Patterson, Ph.D.
  • Richard I. Pervo, Th.D.
  • Robert M. Price, Ph.D.
  • Anne Primavesi, D.Phil.
  • Howard Rice
  • Vernon K. Robbins, Ph.D.
  • James M. Robinson, D.Theol, Ph.D.
  • John J. Rousseau, Ph.D., D.Rel.
  • Stan Rummel
  • Marianne Sawicki, Ph.D.
  • Daryl D. Schmidt, Ph.D.
  • Oswald Schrag
  • Bernard Brandon Scott, Ph.D.
  • Andrew D. Scrimgeour
  • Philip Sellew, Th.D.
  • Chris Shea, Ph.D.
  • Thomas Sheehan, Ph.D.
  • Lou H. Silberman, D.H.L.
  • Dennis Smith, Th.D.
  • Mahlon H. Smith, M.S.L.
  • Graydon Snyder
  • John Shelby Spong, D.D.
  • John Staten
  • Michael G. Steinhauser, Th.D.
  • Robert F. Stoops, Jr., Ph.D.
  • Johann Strijdom, D.Litt., et Phil.
  • Jon Sveinbjornsson
  • Jarmo Tarkki, Ph.D.
  • W. Barnes Tatum, Ph.D.
  • Hal Taussig, Ph.D.
  • Barbara Thiering, Ph.D.
  • Joseph B. Tyson, Ph.D.
  • Leif E. Vaage, Ph.D.
  • James Veitch, Ph.D., Th.D.
  • Paul Verhoeven, Ph.D. (mathematics)
  • Wesley Hiram Wachob, Ph.D.
  • William O. Walker, Jr., Ph.D.
  • Donna Wallace, Ph.D.
  • Robert L. Webb, Ph.D.
  • Theodore J. Weeden, Sr., Ph.D.
  • James E. West, Th.D.
  • John L. White, Ph.D.
  • John L. White, B.D.
  • L. Michael White
  • Walter Wink, Th.D.
  • Sara C. Winter., Ph.D.

研究方式

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根據耶稣研究会1993年出版的《五福音書:尋找耶穌的真實話語》[3]紀載,研究會使用投票系統來評估大約500條言論和事件的真實性。他們使用珠子來投票,根據珠子的顏色來判斷真實性的程度,各珠子的顏色及真實度如下:

顏色 分數 真實度
紅色 3 表示選民相信耶穌確實說了引用的段落或類似的內容
粉紅色 2 表示耶穌說過類似的內容或做過類似的事
灰色 1 表示耶穌並未做過該事或說過該話,但他是源自於耶穌的話語或事蹟
黑色 0 耶穌從未說過該話也未曾做過該事

批評

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研究標準

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耶穌研究會在判斷耶穌話語的真實性時的判斷標準,沒人知道是否有滲入不可告人的成分。此外根據格雷戈里‧A‧博以德英语Greg Boyd (theologian)所說,耶穌研究會的投票標準甚至有著「雙重不同」、「多重證明」等問題在[4]

参考及注腳

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  1. ^ List of Fellows 会员列表网页. [2007-08-19]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-11). 
  2. ^ Westar Institute页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 2007年08月18日访问过
  3. ^ Robert Walter Funk; Roy W. Hoover, The Five Gospels: The Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus : New Translation and Commentary, Macmillan, 1993, ISBN 0-02-541949-8 
  4. ^ Lee Strobel. 6 反證. The case for Christ [重審耶穌]. 由李伯明翻譯 2011年第7刷. 海天書樓. : p94~111. ISBN 978-962-399-096-7. 

外部链接

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耶稣研究会
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